Development of a Tandem Mass Spectral Library for the Detection of Triterpenoids in Plant Metabolome Based on Reference Standards.

Plant triterpenoids represent a diverse group of secondary metabolites and are thought to be valuable for therapeutic applications. For drug development, lead optimization, better knowledge of biological pathways, and high-throughput detection of secondary metabolites in plant extracts are crucial. This paper describes a qualitative method for the rapid and accurate identification of various triterpenoids in plant extracts using the LC-HR-ESI-MS/MS tool in combination with the data-dependent acquisition (DD) approach.

Effect of systemic FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab treatment of colorectal peritoneal metastasis on local and systemic immune cells.

Aim: The immune system plays a crucial role in the outcome of colorectal cancer. Systemic chemotherapies modulate the immune cell composition. Little is known about these changes in peritoneal metastasized colorectal cancer.

Exploring near-infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging as novel characterization methods for anaerobic gut fungi.

Neocallimastigomycota are a phylum of anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of herbivores and play a pivotal role in plant matter degradation. Their identification and characterization with marker gene regions has long been hampered due to the high inter- and intraspecies length variability in the commonly used fungal marker gene region internal transcribed spacer (ITS). While recent research has improved methodology (i.

Opioid exit plans for tapering postoperative pain control in noncancer patients: a systematic review.

Background: A growing number of countries have reported sharp increases in the use and harm of opioid analgesics. High rates of new opioid initiation are observed in postoperative patients. In response, various tertiary care institutions have developed opioid exit plans (OEPs) to curb potential opioid-related harm.

Species-Specific quantification of bioactive boswellic acids in Boswellia resin using NIR spectroscopy, HPLC and Multivariate data analysis.

The bioactive compounds Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) and 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA), found in the resin of the Boswellia tree, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, rendering Boswellia resin an intriguing natural medicinal products. However, the content of boswellic acids varies across different Boswellia species and proper knowledge of its species-dependent nature, as well as alternatives to the resource- and time-intensive HPLC analysis, are lacking. Here we present a comprehensive investigation into the boswellic acid content of seven Boswellia species from ten countries and introduce a novel and non-destructive Near-Infrared spectroscopy method for predicting boswellic acid concentrations in solid resin samples.

Unveiling the synergy of NIRS and enrichment technologies: A comprehensive review of in-sorbent-based detection and quantification strategies.

This comprehensive review paper aims to captivate the applicability of in-sorbent detection, where near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) converges with enrichment technologies. For this purpose, we collected and summarized information regarding the combination of several sophisticated analytical enrichment techniques with NIRS to further explore and develop this synergistic approach. Peer-reviewed publications, matching the criteria of in situ NIR measurements prior analyte elution, have been collected, investigated, and concluded within this review.

A laboratory-based multifunctional near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system for electrochemical, catalytic, and cryogenic studies.

A versatile multifunctional laboratory-based near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) instrument is presented. The entire device is highly customized regarding geometry, exchangeable manipulators and sample stages for liquid- and solid-state electrochemistry, cryochemistry, and heterogeneous catalysis. It therefore delivers novel and unique access to a variety of experimental approaches toward a broad choice of functional materials and their specific surface processes.

Ambient mass spectrometry and near-infrared spectroscopy - a direct comparison of methods for the quantification of sucralose in e-liquids.

E-liquids have become increasingly popular in society in recent years. A wide variety of flavors and nicotine strengths make it possible for every user to get a product according to their wishes. Many of these e-liquids are marketed with countless different flavors, which are often characterized by a strong and sweet smell.

Rapid quality control of black truffles using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.

This work is the first to describe the application of Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry for rapid and simple quality control of black truffles. Multivariate analyses (PCA and LDA) of mass spectra provided highly efficient models for the discrimination of four truffle species, namely Tuber melanosporumVittad., Tuber aestivumVittad.

Rapid quantification of cannabidiol from oils by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry.

This work is the first to describe the use of Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) for the rapid quantification of cannabidiol (CBD) in CBD oils. For this study, self-prepared samples spiked with CBD in hemp seed oil as well as commercial CBD oils from the Austrian market with different CBD contents were analyzed. CBD concentrations were between 5 and 30% (m/m) for the spiked samples as well as between 5 and 15% (m/m) for the real samples.

Hepatectomy-induced apoptotic extracellular vesicles stimulate neutrophils to secrete regenerative growth factors.

Background & Aims: Surgical resection of the cancerous tissue represents one of the few curative treatment options for neoplastic liver disease. Such partial hepatectomy (PHx) induces hepatocyte hyperplasia, which restores liver function. PHx is associated with bacterial translocation, leading to an immediate immune response involving neutrophils and macrophages, which are indispensable for the priming phase of liver regeneration.

Sulfonated halloysite nanotubes as a novel cation exchange material for solid phase extraction of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are phytochemicals, which present a highly toxic class of compounds in multiple food resources and are therefore a late-breaking topic in food safety. This study describes the first use of modified halloysite nanotubes as a novel solid material for solid phase extraction. As a result of a fast one-pot sulfonation of the cheap and non-toxic halloysite nanotubes, an efficient cation exchange phase has been prepared.

A validated method for the rapid quantification of melatonin in over-the-counter hypnotics by the atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe (ASAP).

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the biological day and night cycle. It is mainly produced by the pineal gland during the night. People suffering from insomnia use it as a soporific drug.

Fast and semiquantitative screening for sildenafil in herbal over-the-counter formulations with atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe (ASAP) to prevent medicinal adulteration.

Herbal medicines are commonly used in many countries all around the world. In Western countries they are now gaining more and more popularity, whereas in countries like China and India they have been entrenched for millenniums. Some of these perceived herbal medicines claim to help when suffering from erectile dysfunction.

Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle.

Truffles represent the best known and most expensive edible mushroom. Known as , they belong to the genus and live in symbiosis with plant host roots. Due to their extraordinary taste and smell, truffles are sold worldwide for high prices of up to 3000-5000 euros per kilogram ( PICO).

Stability evaluation of morphine, hydromorphone, metamizole and esketamine containing analgesic mixtures applied for patient-controlled analgesia in hospice and palliative care.

In this study, different injection solutions containing opioid and nonopioid compounds used for patient-controlled analgesia in hospice and palliative care were evaluated in terms of analyte stability. Investigated injection solutions contained different combinations of morphine, hydromorphone, metamizole and esketamine. For the practical implementation, samples from infusion pumps were daily drawn over a period of 7 days at 22 and 37°C.

Electrochemical Simulation of the Oxidative Capsaicin Metabolism.

Capsaicin, primarily known as the pungent ingredient in hot peppers, is rapidly metabolized in the human body by enzymatic processes altering the pharmacological as well as toxicological properties. Herein, the oxidative transformation of capsaicin was investigated with electrochemistry as well as human liver microsomal incubations. The reaction mixtures were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Rapid differentiation and quality control of tobacco products using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.

This work is the first to describe the use of Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) for the rapid and cost-effective quality control of cigars. Multivariate analyses (PCA and LDA) on mass spectra led to highly efficient models for the discrimination of tobacco products. In addition to the geographic origin of the cigars, different pretreatments of the tobacco leaves could also be determined.

[Generalized seizure during placement of an axillary plexus block].

A young patient experienced a generalized seizure during the placement of an axillary plexus block. The mechanisms, essentially the presumed intravascular administration, which led to the local anesthetic toxicity as the cause of this event, are discussed. This case is an example of how visualization of the anatomy by ultrasound can give a false impression when certain details are not respected.

Quantification and cytotoxicity of degradation products (chloropropanols) in sucralose containing e-liquids with propylene glycol and glycerol as base.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained increasing popularity in recent years, mostly because they are supposed to be less harmful than regular cigarettes. Therefore, it is highly imperative to investigate possible noxious effects to protect the consumers. E-liquids consist of propylene glycol, glycerol, aroma compounds and sweeteners.

Rapid discrimination of Curcuma longa and Curcuma xanthorrhiza using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry and Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

This study describes a newly developed method for the fast and straightforward differentiation of two turmeric species using Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry and miniaturized Near Infrared spectroscopy. Multivariate analyses (PCA and LDA) were performed on the mass spectrometric data, thus creating a powerful model for the discrimination of Curcumalonga and Curcumaxanthorrhiza. Cross-validation of the model revealed correctness-scores of 100% with 20-fold as well as leave-one-out validation techniques.

Innovative Combination of Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Followed by NIR-Detection and Multivariate Data Analysis for Prediction of Total Polyphenolic Content.

Recently polyphenols attracted great interest in the field of food and nutrition as well as in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries due to their health benefits through antioxidative behavior in the human body. However, because of the high number of compounds characterized as phenols and their structural diversity, quantification of polyphenols turns out to be a highly complex task. Although, a wide variety of analytical methods are used for the determination of total polyphenolic content, they are all found to be lacking in a variety of different tasks, such as their limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, accuracy and specificity.

The homogeneous characterisation of Ariel host stars.

The Ariel mission will characterise the chemical and thermal properties of the atmospheres of about a thousand exoplanets transiting their host star(s). The observation of such a large sample of planets will allow to deepen our understanding of planetary and atmospheric formation at the early stages, providing a truly representative picture of the chemical nature of exoplanets, and relating this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. Hence, the accurate and precise determination of the host star fundamental properties is essential to Ariel for drawing a comprehensive picture of the underlying essence of these planetary systems.

Five carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species in a hot giant planet's atmosphere.

The atmospheres of gaseous giant exoplanets orbiting close to their parent stars (hot Jupiters) have been probed for nearly two decades. They allow us to investigate the chemical and physical properties of planetary atmospheres under extreme irradiation conditions. Previous observations of hot Jupiters as they transit in front of their host stars have revealed the frequent presence of water vapour and carbon monoxide in their atmospheres; this has been studied in terms of scaled solar composition under the usual assumption of chemical equilibrium.