Adjuvant treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom based on the LuCaBIS burden of illness study.

Objectives: To inform health-technology assessments of new adjuvant treatments, we describe treatment patterns in patients with complete resection of stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom (UK).

Materials And Methods: Data were collected via medical record abstraction. Patients were aged ≥18 years with completely resected stage IB-IIIA NSCLC, diagnosed between 01 January 2009 and 31 December 2011.

Economic burden of resected (stage IB-IIIA) non-small cell lung cancer in France, Germany and the United Kingdom: A retrospective observational study (LuCaBIS).

Objectives: New adjuvant treatments are being developed for patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to scarcity of real-world data available for treatment costs and resource utilization, health technology and cost-effectiveness assessments can be limited. We estimated the burden and cost-of-illness associated with completely resected stage IB-IIIA NSCLC in France, Germany and the United Kingdom (UK).

Economic burden of advanced melanoma in France, Germany and the UK: a retrospective observational study (Melanoma Burden-of-Illness Study).

The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-of-illness associated with completely resected stage IIIB/IIIC melanoma with macroscopic lymph node involvement, overall and by disease phase, in France, Germany and the UK. This retrospective observational study included patients aged older than or equal to 18 years first diagnosed with stage IIIB/IIIC cutaneous melanoma between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011. Data were obtained from medical records and a patient survey.

The PAZOREAL noninterventional study to assess effectiveness and safety of pazopanib and everolimus in the changing metastatic renal cell carcinoma treatment landscape.

VEGFR and mTOR inhibitors are broadly used in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) therapy, and sequential first-line pazopanib (VEGFR inhibitor) and second-line everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) is a standard treatment option. Nivolumab and lenvatinib/everolimus combination was recently approved in Europe for use in mRCC after previous therapy. Prospective routine data on sequential therapy including nivolumab and/or lenvatinib are missing.

Treatment patterns and outcomes of Stage IIIB/IIIC melanoma in France, Germany and the UK: A retrospective and prospective observational study (MELABIS).

Aim: Real-world data on treatment patterns/outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma, while scarce, are useful for health technology assessments that govern patient access in many countries. We collected retrospective data on treatment patterns among patients in France, Germany and the UK with Stage IIIB/IIIC melanoma with macroscopic lymph node involvement, whose primary melanoma and regional lymph node metastases had been completely resected.

Methods: Patients ≥18 years were diagnosed between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011.

Extracellular invertase is an essential component of cytokinin-mediated delay of senescence.

Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development in which the nutrients invested in the leaf are remobilized to other parts of the plant. Whereas senescence is accompanied by a decline in leaf cytokinin content, exogenous application of cytokinins or an increase of the endogenous concentration delays senescence and causes nutrient mobilization. The finding that extracellular invertase and hexose transporters, as the functionally linked enzymes of an apolasmic phloem unloading pathway, are coinduced by cytokinins suggested that delay of senescence is mediated via an effect on source-sink relations.

A heat-activated MAP kinase in tomato: a possible regulator of the heat stress response.

Adaptation to elevated temperatures is of major importance for the survival of plants. The role of kinases in heat stress response was studied in tomato by in gel and in solution kinase assays using myelin basic protein as substrate. The application of heat stress in a naturally occurring temperature range resulted in a fast and transient activation of a 50 kDa mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase both in a photoautotrophic cell suspension culture and in leaves of mature plants.

Biochemical evidence for the activation of distinct subsets of mitogen-activated protein kinases by voltage and defense-related stimuli.

Activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases is a common reaction of plant cells in defense-related signal transduction pathways. To gain insight into the mechanisms that determine specificity in response to a particular stimulus, a biochemical approach has been employed. Photoautotrophic suspension culture cells of tomato (Lycopersicon peruvianum) were used as experimental system to characterize MAP kinase activation by different stress-related stimuli.