Antibiotic Resistance and Serotypes Distribution in Bulgarian Clinical Isolates During the Years of 2021-2024.

group B , GBS) is an important human and animal pathogen. In recent years, the number of streptococcal isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents has increased in many parts of the world. Various mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and capsular serotypes of GBS with different geographical distributions can be found.

Phylogenetic Lineages and Diseases Associated with Isolates Recovered from Bulgarian Patients.

has been recognized as an important cause of upper respiratory tract and middle ear infections in children, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis in adults. We aim to study the clonal structure, antimicrobial resistance, and serotypes of strains recovered from patients of different ages. Nasopharyngeal swabs, middle ear fluid, and sputum samples were collected.

Pasteurella canis soft tissue infection after a cat bite - A case report.

is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium that is a typical commensal of the oral cavity and enteric tract of domestic animals. Human infections caused by this species are most often associated with dog bites and rarely with other animal bites. In this report, we present a case of a 34-year-old man who developed soft tissue infection of the left hand after a cat bite.

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from otitis media in Bulgaria.

Haemophilus influenzae is one of the main bacteria responsible for otitis media (OM) among children worldwide. We aimed to estimate the distribution of encapsulated and non-capsulated variants (NTHi), biotypes, antibiotic susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology of H. influenzae isolates recovered from pediatric OM cases in Bulgaria.

Association of pili with widespread multidrug-resistant genetic lineages of non-invasive pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

The study aimed to evaluate the presence of pili in non-invasive pediatric pneumococcal isolates and to elucidate possible links with genetic lineages, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance. We examined 147 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with respiratory tract infections and acute otitis media. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination and capsule swelling reaction.

Molecular-genetic Method for Fast Direct Detection of and Methicillin Resistance in Blood Cultures and Punctures.

Background: Invasive infections caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRSA/MRSCoN) require fast, adequate treatment.

The Aim: of this study was to develop a faster protocol for direct detection of MRSA/MRSCoN in blood cultures and in abscess punctures based on mecA and species specific identification of S. aureus by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR).

Multiplex PCR detection of problematic pathogens of clinically heterogeneous bacterial vaginosis in Bulgarian women.

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of problematic pathogens and the clinical status of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Materials and methods: Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Mobiluncus spp. were detected using a multiplex PCR assay, and their role in the infection of Bulgarian women with clinically heterogeneous BV was evaluated.

Distribution of macrolide resistance mechanisms in Bulgarian clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes during the years of 2013-2016.

Unlabelled: Streptococcus pyogenes, or group A streptococcus (GAS), is the main etiological agent of bacterial tonsillopharyngitis and a common cause of a wide variety of other mild to severe infections.

Objectives: Objectives of the present study was to determine and evaluate the distribution of genetic mechanisms associated with certain phenotypes of macrolide resistance in Bulgarian GAS isolated during the years of 2013-2016.

Methods: All GAS strains were screened for the macrolide resistance genes erm(A), erm(B) and mef(A), using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Microbiological Features of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Bulgarian Children for the Period 1998-2014.

Background: Across the globe, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most prevalent cause of morbidity in childhood.

Aims: The aim of our study is to analyze the incidence and etiology of bacterial URTIs in Bulgarian children, as well as the increasing antimicrobial resistance to the most common etiologic agents over a period of 17 years.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Antimicrobial activity of different disinfection methods against biofilms in root canals.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bactericidal effects of different disinfection methods against microbial biofilms grown in root canals.

Methods: A total of 300 freshly-extracted human teeth were infected with microbial pathogens. The biofilm formation and the effects of laser therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), iontophoresis, and disinfection with irrigating solutions were evaluated by counting the generations of microbial cells in the samples of root canals and by scanning electron microscopy.

Gardnerella vaginalis-associated bacterial vaginosis in Bulgarian women.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of BV in Bulgarian pregnant and nonpregnant women from several age ranges and to compare three different laboratory methods for Gardnerella vaginalis detection in patents suffering from BV.

Methods: Between September 2011 and June 2012, 809 women of 16-40 years of age separated in two major groups: nonpregnant - 469 (355 with and 114 without symptoms) and pregnant - 340 (213 and 127 respectively) were enrolled for the study.

Distribution of genes encoding virulence factors ompB2, ompCD, ompE, β-lactamase and serotype in pathogenic and colonizing strains of Moraxella catarrhalis.

Background And Aims: A total of 115 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from patients with lower respiratory tract and otorhinolaryngeal infections, as well as healthy carriers, were collected to study the prevalence of outer membrane virulence and resistance encoding genes and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) serotypes.

Methods: PCR technique was used to determine the presence of genes ompB2 (encoding uptake of vital iron), ompCD and ompE (for adhesion, complement resistance and transporter proteins), bro1 and bro2 (for β-lactamases). Serotyping was carried out by monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against LOS serotypes A, B and C.

Bactericidal monoclonal antibody against Moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide cross-reacts with Haemophilus Spp.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against lipooligosaccharide (LOS) determinants after immunization of BALB/c mice with heat inactivated Moraxella catarrhalis serotype A were generated. MAb 219A9 was specific for a common epitope of A, B, and C M. catarrhalis serotypes in ELISA and immunofluorescent test (IFT).