Impact of chronic exposure of rats to bisphenol A from perinatal period to adulthood on intraprostatic levels of 5α-reductase isozymes, aromatase, and genes implicated in prostate cancer development.

The synergetic effect of estrogens and androgens is known to play a crucial role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound that can interfere with endocrine hormone functioning and thereby influence prostate development. The objective of this study was to examine the impact on prostate expression of aromatase, 5α-R isozymes, and prostate cancer-related genes of exposure to low doses of BPA from perinatal period to adulthood.

Gastronomic Paradigms in Contemporary Western Cuisine: From French Haute Cuisine to Mass Media Gastronomy.

Thomas Kuhn brings the concept of "paradigm" as the fundamental engine in the progress of humanity. Kuhn defines paradigms as the set of formal theories, experiments and work methods that define a process (scientific, economic, social, and in this case, contemporary haute cuisine), in a given time. According to Kuhn, progress does not happen by gradual accumulation of knowledge, but rather by abrupt advances.

GENYOi005-A: An induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) line generated from a patient with Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy (FPDMM) carrying a p.Thr196Ala variant.

Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy (FPDMM) is a rare platelet disorder caused by mutations in RUNX1. We generated an iPSC line (GENYOi005-A) from a FPDMM patient with a non-previously reported variant p.Thr196Ala.

Complete Digital Pathology for Routine Histopathology Diagnosis in a Multicenter Hospital Network.

Context.—: Complete digital pathology and whole slide imaging for routine histopathology diagnosis is currently in use in few laboratories worldwide. Granada University Hospitals, Spain, which comprises 4 hospitals, adopted full digital pathology for primary histopathology diagnosis in 2016.

Changes in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis, molecular testing and prognosis 2011-2016.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death all over the world. Diagnostic and therapeutic arsenals have improved in recent years, but we are unsure as to whether these advances have been transferred to clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in NSCLC diagnostic processes and short-term survival rates between two recent cohorts.

Epidemiological Evolution of Lung Cancer in the South of Spain from 1990 to 2010.

Background: Changes in lung cancer has been characterized by the increase of cases among women and the increase in adenocarcinomas among other histological subtypes.

Methods: Descriptive analysis of cases diagnosed with lung cancer in Hospital Virgen de las Nieves (Spain) from 1990 to 2010, based on five variables (age, sex, smoking, histology and pathological anatomy). The study establishes associations between these variables and compares the results with the literature.

PARP inhibition attenuates histopathological lesion in ischemia/reperfusion renal mouse model after cold prolonged ischemia.

We test the hypothesis that PARP inhibition can decrease acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and other renal lesions related to prolonged cold ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in kidneys preserved at 4°C in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Material and Methods. We used 30 male Parp1(+/+) wild-type and 15 male Parp1(0/0) knockout C57BL/6 mice.

Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of ganglion cysts. Cross-sectional study of 354 cases.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology and immunophenotype of ganglion cysts (GCs) and explore their histogenetic origin.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional morphological and immunohistochemical study of 354 GCs used the following antibody panel: vimentin, specific actin, β-actin, smooth-muscle actin, smoothelin, h-caldesmon, β-catenin, desmin, calponin, podoplanin, keratins 5/6, E-cadherin, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), lysozyme, CD10, CD31, CD33, CD34, CD68, Ki-67, and PCNA. Double-blind semi-quantitative analyses were conducted to evaluate the immunopositivity on a 4-point scale.

Bisphenol A modifies the regulation exerted by testosterone on 5 α -reductase isozymes in ventral prostate of adult rats.

The development, growth, and function of the prostate gland depend on androgen stimulation. The primary androgen in prostate is 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which is synthesized from circulating testosterone (T) through the action of 5α-reductase (5α-R). Although 5α-R occurs as five isozymes, only 5α-R1 and 5α-R2 are physiologically involved in steroidogenesis.

PARP-1 regulates metastatic melanoma through modulation of vimentin-induced malignant transformation.

PARP inhibition can induce anti-neoplastic effects when used as monotherapy or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy in various tumor settings; however, the basis for the anti-metastasic activities resulting from PARP inhibition remains unknown. PARP inhibitors may also act as modulators of tumor angiogenesis. Proteomic analysis of endothelial cells revealed that vimentin, an intermediary filament involved in angiogenesis and a specific hallmark of EndoMT (endothelial to mesenchymal transition) transformation, was down-regulated following loss of PARP-1 function in endothelial cells.

Bisphenol A exposure during adulthood alters expression of aromatase and 5α-reductase isozymes in rat prostate.

The high incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) in elderly men is a cause of increasing public health concern. In recent years, various environmental endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), have been shown to disrupt sexual organs, including the prostate gland. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear.

Therapeutic effect of ghrelin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting antigen-specific Th1/Th17 responses and inducing regulatory T cells.

Ghrelin is an important gastrointestinal hormone that regulates feeding and metabolism. Moreover, ghrelin is produced by immune cells and shows potent anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we investigated its effect in two models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that mirror chronic and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Expression of steroid 5α-reductase isozymes in prostate of adult rats after environmental stress.

The elevated incidence of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy is a cause of increasing public health concern in the Western world. The normal and pathological growth of the prostate are both dependent on stimulation by dihydrotestosterone, which is synthesized from circulating testosterone by two 5α-reductase (5α-R) isozymes, 5α-reductase type 1 (5α-R1) and 5α-reductase type 2 (5α-R2). Both isozymes have been implicated in prostate disease.

Long-term consequences of uninephrectomy in male and female rats.

We investigated the effects of uninephrectomy (UNX) in 6-week-old male and female rats on blood pressure (BP), renal sodium handling, salt sensitivity, oxidative stress, and renal injury over 18 months postsurgery, studying control sham-operated and UNX-operated rats at 6, 12, and 18 months postsurgery, evaluating their renal sodium handling, BP, urinary isoprostanes, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and proteinuria before and after a 2-week high-salt intake period. At 18 months, plasma variables were measured and kidney samples were taken for the analysis of renal morphology and tissue variables. BP was increased at 6 months in male UNX rats versus controls and at 12 and 18 months in both male and female UNX rats and was increased in male versus female UNX groups at 18 months.

Steroid 5α-reductase in adult rat brain after neonatal testosterone administration.

Testosterone (T) plays an important role in developing brain, dictating sex-specific behavior and physiology. 3α,5α-Reduced neurosteroids also regulate reproductive behavior. The key enzyme in the biosynthesis of these neurosteroids is 5α-reductase (5α-R), expressed as two isozymes, 5α-R1 and 5α-R2.

Hemangiopericytoma-like dermatofibroma with mast cells.

We report an unusual case of hemangiopericytoma-like dermatofibroma in the right shoulder of an 82-year-old patient with a well-defined nodular growth located in the dermis. Microscopic study revealed a band of haphazardly arranged cells with a vascular component of gaping, simple, endothelial-lined vascular structures with intervening postcapillary venules and capillary-sized slit-like "staghorn" vascular channels filled with erythrocytes; abundant mast cells were also observed. The neoplasm cells were positive for CD68 and Factor XIIIA and negative for CD34.

Intragraft expression of the IL-10 gene is up-regulated in renal protocol biopsies with early interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and subclinical rejection.

Grafts with subclinical rejection associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (SCR+IF/TA) show poorer survival than grafts with subclinical rejection without IF/TA (SCR). Aiming to detect differences among SCR+IF/TA and SCR, we immunophenotyped the inflammatory infiltrate (CD45, CD3, CD20, CD68) and used a low-density array to determine levels of T(H)1 (interleukin IL-2, IL-3, gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lymphotoxin-alpha, lymphotoxin-beta, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and T(H)2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13) transcripts as well as of IL-2R (as marker for T-cell activation) in 31 protocol biopsies of renal allografts. Here we show that grafts with early IF/TA and SCR can be distinguished from grafts with SCR on the basis of the activation of IL-10 gene expression and of an increased infiltration by B-lymphocytes in a cellular context in which the degree of T-cell activation is similar in both groups of biopsies, as demonstrated by equivalent levels of IL-2R mRNA.

Poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase-1 expression is related to cold ischemia, acute tubular necrosis, and delayed renal function in kidney transplantation.

Unlabelled: Cold ischemia time especially impacts on outcomes of expanded-criteria donor (ECD) transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury produces excessive poly[ADP-Ribose] Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation. The present study explored the hypothesis that increased tubular expression of PARP-1 contributes to delayed renal function in suboptimal ECD kidney allografts and in non-ECD allografts that develop posttransplant acute tubular necrosis (ATN).

Effects of metoclopramide on mRNA levels of 5alpha-reductase isozymes in rat brain.

Prolactin and 3alpha, 5alpha-reduced neurosteroids are implicated in maternal behavior. Sulpiride, an inductor of hyperprolactinemia, increased mRNA levels of 5alpha-reductase (5alpha-R), the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of these neurosteroids, indicating a possible interrelationship between prolactin levels and 5alpha-R, although the effects of sulpiride per se cannot be ruled out. In this study, we quantified mRNA levels of both 5alpha-R isozymes in prefrontal cortex of rats after the administration of metoclopramide, another inductor of prolactin secretion.

Effects of sulpiride on mRNA levels of steroid 5alpha-reductase isozymes in prostate of adult rats.

Prolactin (PRL) is implicated in prostate growth and in the development and regulation of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). PRL may exert its effects on prostate in synergism with androgens. The most active androgen in the prostate is the 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) obtained from testosterone by the 5alpha-reductase (5alpha-R) enzyme, which is expressed in the prostate as two isozymes, 5alpha-R1 and 5alpha-R2.

Effects of sulpiride on prolactin and mRNA levels of steroid 5alpha-reductase isozymes in adult rat brain.

Prolactin (PRL) promotes maternal behavior (MB), a complex pattern of behavior aimed at maximizing offspring survival. 3alpha,5alpha-reduced neurosteroids may also regulate MB. Indeed, PRL, 3alpha,5alpha-reduced neurosteroids, and 5alpha-reductase (5alpha-R), the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of these neuroactive steroids, are all increased in stress situations These facts led us to hypothesize a possible interrelation between PRL levels and 5alpha-R.

Therapeutic effect of cortistatin on experimental arthritis by downregulating inflammatory and Th1 responses.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology characterised by chronic inflammation in the joints and subsequent destruction of the cartilage and bone.

Aim: To propose a new strategy for the treatment of arthritis based on the administration of cortistatin, a newly discovered neuropeptide with anti-inflammatory actions.

Methods: DBA/1J mice with collagen-induced arthritis were treated with cortistatin after the onset of disease, and the clinical score and joint histopathology were evaluated.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma with indeterminate cells and eosinophils: collision, differentiation, or involution?

This report describes the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of a benign fibrous histiocytoma of 3 years' duration situated on the posterior right arm of a 17-year-old woman. To our knowledge, this is the first published description of an association between the histologic features of benign fibrous histiocytoma with proliferating dermal dendrocytes and solid clusters of indeterminate cells and inflammatory infiltrate containing numerous eosinophils. Cell type identification was confirmed by immunohistochemical demonstration of positivity of indeterminate cells for CD1a and S-100 protein, by absence of Birbeck granules in electron microscopy study, and by positivity of fibroblast-like cells for factor XIIIa and negativity for CD34.

Effects of omapatrilat on blood pressure and renal injury in L-NAME and L-NAME plus DOCA-treated rats.

Background: This study investigates the effects of chronic administration of omapatrilat (OMA) on blood pressure (BP), renal injury, and other variables in N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertension and in the low-renin model produced by the simultaneous administration of L-NAME and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA).

Methods: The control, DOCA, L-NAME, L-NAME + DOCA, L-NAME + OMA, and L-NAME + DOCA + OMA groups were used. Tail systolic BP was measured twice a week.