Explorative study on the value of hepcidin in predicting iron non-responsiveness in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: In a considerable proportion of anaemic children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), haemoglobin (Hb) does not normalise after iron therapy. We evaluated the added value of novel iron markers (hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]) as compared to traditional iron markers (ferritin and transferrin saturation [TSAT]) to determine the best strategy for the prediction of non-responsiveness to iron suppletion.

Methods: In this secondary analysis of prospectively collected data, we measured iron markers in anaemic children (Hb Z-score < -2.

Evaluation of automated microscopy sediment analysis in urinary tract infection screening: a practical insight in adjusting fixed cut-off values for urine culture.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate a procedure in which urine culture was only being performed based on fixed cut-off values of urine sediment analysis with intention to prevent unnecessary negative urine cultures.

Methods: From January 2018 to August 2018, all urine samples from patients visiting the urology outpatient department were analyzed. Urine culture was only performed if urine sediment contained more than 130 bacteria per microliter and/or more than 50 leukocytes per microliter.

Comparison of Two Tuberculosis Infection Tests in a South American Tertiary Hospital: STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA vs. QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases in the world. In 2020 there were at least 9.9 million new infections, with 1.

Presenting wicked problems in a science museum: A methodology to study interest from a dynamic perspective.

Science centers and science museums have an important social role in engaging people with science and technology relevant for complex societal problems-so called wicked problems. We used the case of personalized medicine to illustrate a methodology that can be used to inform the development of exhibitions on such wicked problems. The methodology that is presented is grounded in dynamic theories of interest development that define interest as a multidimensional construct involving knowledge, behavior (personal and general) value, self-efficacy, and emotion.

Latent Markov Models to Test the Strategy Use of 3-Year-Olds in a Rule-Based Feedback-Learning Task.

This study is the first to investigate how 3-year-olds learn simple rules from feedback using the Toddler Card Sorting Task (TCST). To account for intra- and inter- individual differences in the learning process, latent Markov models were fitted to the time series of accuracy responses using maximum likelihood techniques (Visser et al., 2002).

Ferric Carboxymaltose Versus Ferrous Fumarate in Anemic Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The POPEYE Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: To determine whether intravenous (IV) or oral iron suppletion is superior in improving physical fitness in anemic children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Study Design: We conducted a clinical trial at 11 centers. Children aged 8-18 with IBD and anemia (defined as hemoglobin [Hb] z-score < -2) were randomly assigned to a single IV dose of ferric carboxymaltose or 12 weeks of oral ferrous fumarate.

Development of de novo donor-specific antibodies in renal transplant recipients with BK viremia managed with immunosuppression reduction.

Background: Reduction of immunosuppression (IS) upon detection of Polyomavirus (BK) viremia is widely used to prevent BK virus nephropathy. This retrospective case-control study assesses the frequency of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) in renal transplant recipients with IS modulation due to BK viremia and the associated risk of antibody mediated rejection.

Methods: Our cohort included recipients of kidney transplantation between 2007 and 2017 with clinical, HLA antibody, and biopsy data.

Pupil responses to dynamic negative facial expressions of emotion in infants and parents.

Observing others' emotions triggers physiological arousal in infants as well as in adults, reflected in dilated pupil sizes. This study is the first to examine parents' and infants' pupil responses to dynamic negative emotional facial expressions. Moreover, the links between pupil responses and negative emotional dispositions were explored among infants and parents.

Attention Biases to Threat in Infants and Parents: Links to Parental and Infant Anxiety Dispositions.

Parent-to-child transmission of information processing biases to threat is a potential causal mechanism in the family aggregation of anxiety symptoms and traits. This study is the first to investigate the link between infants' and parents' attention bias to dynamic threat-relevant (versus happy) emotional expressions. Moreover, the associations between infant attention and anxiety dispositions in infants and parents were explored.

Steroids and mortality in non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: a propensity score-weighted study in a Chilean cohort.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on 30-day mortality of early use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients with supplementary oxygen requirements and without invasive mechanical ventilation at the initiation of therapy.

Methods: All patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between April 15 and July 15, 2020, and requiring supplementary oxygen, were prospectively included in a database. Patients who died or required intubation within the first 48 hours were excluded.

Post-error slowing: Large scale study in an online learning environment for practising mathematics and language.

The ability to monitor and adjust our performance is crucial for adaptive behaviour, a key component of human cognitive control. One widely studied metric of this behaviour is post-error slowing (PES), the finding that humans tend to slow down their performance after making an error. This study is a first attempt at generalizing the effect of PES to an online adaptive learning environment where children practise mathematics and language skills.

Safety of low-volume PEG-asc bowel cleansing preparation for colonoscopy: identifying patients at risk for hypokalemia in a prospective cohort study.

The aim of bowel cleansing preparation should be high-quality results and conformance with safety standards. Previously, we reported that hypokalemia occurred in 23.6 % of patients after bowel preparation in a high-risk population on diuretics or hospitalized and referred for colonoscopy.

WALD-EM: Wald accumulation for locations and durations of eye movements.

Describing, analyzing, and explaining patterns in eye movement behavior is crucial for understanding visual perception. Further, eye movements are increasingly used in informing cognitive process models. In this article, we start by reviewing basic characteristics and desiderata for models of eye movements.

Looking (for) patterns: Similarities and differences between infant and adult free scene-viewing patterns.

Systematic tendencies such as the center and horizontal bias are known to have a large influence on how and where we move our eyes during static onscreen free scene viewing. However, it is unknown whether these tendencies are learned viewing strategies or are more default tendencies in the way we move our eyes. To gain insight into the origin of these tendencies we explore the systematic tendencies of infants (3 - 20-month-olds, N = 157) and adults (N = 88) in three different scene viewing data sets.

Value of biomarkers in predicting mortality in older medical emergency department patients: a Dutch prospective study.

Objective: Older emergency department (ED) patients are at high risk of mortality, and it is important to predict which patients are at highest risk. Biomarkers such as lactate, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), D-dimer and procalcitonin may be able to identify those at risk. We aimed to assess the discriminatory value of these biomarkers for 30-day mortality and other adverse outcomes.

Hands-On Exploration of Cubes' Floating and Sinking Benefits Children's Subsequent Buoyancy Predictions.

Children accrue experiences with buoyancy on a daily basis, yet research paints a mixed picture of children's buoyancy knowledge. Whereas children's predictions and explanations of the floating and the sinking of common objects are often based on a single feature (e.g.

Real-world scene perception in infants: What factors guide attention allocation?

The foci of visual attention were modeled as a function of perceptual salience, adult fixation locations, and attentional control mechanisms (measured in separate tasks) in infants (N = 45, 3- to 15-month-olds) as they viewed static real-world scenes. After controlling for the center bias, the results showed that low-level perceptual salience predicts where infants look. In addition, high-level factors also played a role: Infants fixated parts of the scenes frequently fixated by adults and this effect was stronger for older than younger infants.

Parental Pre-knowledge Enhances Guidance During Inquiry-Based Family Learning in a Museum Context: An Individual Differences Perspective.

Effective interaction and inquiry are an essential source for children's learning about science in an informal context. This study investigated the effect of parental pre-knowledge on parent-child interactions (manipulations, parent talk, and child talk) during an inquiry activity in NEMO Science Museum in Amsterdam. The sample included 105 parent-child dyads (mean children's age = 10.

Pupil mimicry in infants and parents.

Changes in pupil size can reflect social interest or affect, and tend to get mimicked by observers during eye contact. Pupil mimicry has recently been observed in young infants, whereas it is unknown whether the extent and the speed of infants' pupil mimicry response are identical to that of adults. Moreover, the question of whether pupil mimicry in infants is modulated by the race of the observed other remains to be explored.

Cognitive strategies revealed by clustering eye movement transitions.

In cognitive tasks, solvers can adopt different strategies to process information which may lead to different response behavior. These strategies might elicit different eye movement patterns which can thus provide substantial information about the strategy a person uses. However, these strategies are usually hidden and need to be inferred from the data.

Cognitive flexibility training has direct and near transfer effects, but no far transfer effects, in preschoolers.

The current project studied the direct, near transfer, and far transfer effects of cognitive flexibility training in two experiments with 117 3-year-olds. In both Experiments 1 and 2, children performed three Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) tasks in a pre-training/training/post-training design. The training consisted of giving corrective feedback in the training DCCS task.

Should online math learning environments be tailored to individuals' cognitive profiles?

Online learning environments are well-suited for tailoring the learning experience of children individually and on a large scale. An environment such as Math Garden allows children to practice exercises adapted to their specific mathematical ability; this is thought to maximize their mathematical skills. In the current experiment, we investigated whether learning environments should also consider the differential impact of cognitive load on children's math performance depending on their individual verbal working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) capacity.