Chemical shift assignments of DRB2 domains, a dsRNA binding protein in A. thaliana RNAi pathway.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, micro-RNA regulation is primarily controlled by DCL1, an RNase III enzyme, and its associated proteins. DCL1, together with DRB2, governs a specific group of miRNAs that induce the inhibition of target mRNA translation. DRB2 is a multi-domain protein containing two N-terminal dsRNA binding domains (dsRBD) separated by a linker, followed by an unstructured C-terminal tail.

Examining the association between public health unit spending and adolescent substance use.

Background: Based on the socio-ecological model of health, socioeconomic policy is an important determinant of population health. Spending decisions by public health units (PHU) have been shown to be associated with population health outcomes. Some studies have found greater PHU spending to be associated with improved population health, while others report mixed findings, warranting further research.

Nesfatin-1 as a crucial mediator of glucose homeostasis in the reptile, Hemidactylus flaviviridis.

Nesfatin-1 is a crucial regulator of energy homeostasis in mammals and fishes, however, its metabolic role remains completely unexplored in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Therefore, present study elucidates role of nesfatin-1 in glucose homeostasis in wall lizard wherein fasting stimulated hepatic nucb2/nesfatin-1, glycogen phosphorylase (glyp), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (fbp), while feeding upregulated pancreatic nucb2/nesfatin-1 and insulin, suggesting towards tissue-specific dual role of nesfatin-1 in glucoregulation. The glycogenolytic/gluconeogenic role of nesfatin-1 was further confirmed by an increase in media glucose levels along with heightened hepatic pepck and fbp expression and concomitant decline in liver glycogen content in nesfatin-1-treated liver of wall lizard.

Delayed inferior epigastric bleed following robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: An algorithmic approach.

Definitive surgical treatment for prostate cancer continues to evolve with robotic prostatectomy being the preferred technique. This technique has led to decreased blood loss and transfusion rates. Although uncommon, this case report presents a rare incident of delayed inferior epigastric bleed from a port site after a robotic prostatectomy.

Reliability of a Tailored Tele-Medicine Model for Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) Clinical Practice in Remote Areas of Nepal: A Pilot Study from Tertiary Referral Center.

Despite the ever-expanding scope of telemedicine, studies regarding its application in the field of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (ORL-HNS) in remote parts of the world are lacking. This pilot study aims to bridge the research gap and to assess the efficacy of our tailored telemedicine clinic model, operating in an "asynchronous" mode, in diagnosing various ORL-HNS diseases. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center of Nepal.

Insights into molecular characterization of NOD1-RIPK interaction and transcriptional modulation in response to LPS in spotted snakehead, Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793).

NOD1, plays a pivotal role in immune responses against bacterial as well as viral invasions. While the downstream signaling pathway of NOD1 is well understood in mammals, its characterization in lower vertebrates remains elusive. In present study, an effort was made to identify and characterize downstream signaling cascade of NOD1 in response to LPS, a potential ligand of NOD1 in teleosts, in spotted snakehead.

Asprosin regulates male reproduction in teleosts: an in vitro study in Channa punctata.

The novel adipokine asprosin, produced by the furin enzymatic cleavage of profibrillin 1 protein (encoded by the Fbn1 gene), is implicated in regulating many physiological functions, including reproduction in mammals. In males, asprosin is reported to increase sperm density, sperm motility, and steroid production by interacting with Olfr734, which belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor family (GPCR). In 2023, our group predicted and characterized asprosin in silico for the first time and demonstrated the robust expression of fbn1, and furin in the gonads of teleost spotted snakehead (ss) Channa punctata.

Asprosin-mediated regulation of ovarian functions in mice: An age-dependent study.

Asprosin is a recently discovered adipokine reported to be involved in the modulation of mammalian gonadal functions. Preliminary investigations suggest its role in regulation of ovarian functions in rodents as well as bovids. In addition, increased levels of the adipokine during human ovarian pathophysiologies implicate it in disease progression and severity.

Radio frequency electromagnetic radiations interfere with the Leydig cell functions in-vitro.

A growing threat to male infertility has become a major concern for the human population due to the advent of modern technologies as a source of radiofrequency radiation (RFR). Since these technologies have become an integral part of our daily lives, thus, it becomes necessary to know the impression of such radiations on human health. In view of this, the current study aims to focus on the biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on mouse Leydig cell line (TM3) in a time-dependent manner.

Sexual dimorphism in NLR transcripts and its downstream signaling protein IL-1ꞵ in teleost Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793).

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NOD-like receptors or NLRs) are a family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiates as well as regulate inflammatory responses. NLRs are characterized by a centrally located nucleotide binding domain and a leucine rich repeat domain at the C-terminal responsible for the recognition of intracellular microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In the present study in adult spotted snakehead we have investigated the sex-dependent tissue distribution of NLRs known to be associated with inflammation in teleost namely NOD1, NOD2, NLRC3, NLRC5, and NLRX1.

Ovarian nesfatin-1 in Hemidactylus flaviviridis: Reproductive phase-dependent expression, role and hormonal regulation.

Nesfatin-1 has recently emerged as a modulator of ovarian functions in mammals. Studies in non-mammalian vertebrates, though limited and majorly restricted to fishes, have evidenced a role of this peptide in the regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis and oocyte maturation. Interestingly, nesfatin-1 remains completely unexplored in reptiles.

Engineered peptide-drug conjugate provides sustained protection of retinal ganglion cells with topical administration in rats.

Effective eye drop delivery systems for treating diseases of the posterior segment have yet to be clinically validated. Further, adherence to eye drop regimens is often problematic due to the difficulty and inconvenience of repetitive dosing. Here, we describe a strategy for topically dosing a peptide-drug conjugate to achieve effective and sustained therapeutic sunitinib concentrations to protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rat model of optic nerve injury.

Exploring the effect of dihydrotestosterone on nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor expression in spotted snakehead Channa punctata (Bloch 1793).

Sex steroids are known to modulate immune responses and as a result many of the immune parameters in seasonally breeding organisms show reproductive-phase dependent variation. Androgens, the male sex steroids, are largely reported to be immunosuppressive. Together with other pattern recognition receptors, the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) serve as intracellular sentinels and are essential to defense mechanisms.

Functional implications and therapeutic targeting of androgen response elements in prostate cancer.

The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in the growth and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). Ligand-activated AR inside the nucleus binds to the androgen response element (ARE) of the target genes in dimeric form and recruits transcriptional machinery to facilitate gene transcription. Pharmacological compounds that inhibit the AR action either bind to the ligand binding domain (LBD) or interfere with the interactions of AR with other co-regulatory proteins, slowing the progression of the disease.

Nesfatin-1 in a reptile: its role and hormonal regulation in wall lizard testis.

Nesfatin-1 is a pleiotropic hormone implicated in various physiological functions including reproduction. Studies though limited, have established an important role of the peptide in regulation of testicular functions in mammals and fishes. However, role of nesfatin-1 in regulation of spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis remains completely unexplored in reptiles.

SIRT6 overexpression in the nucleus protects mouse retinal pigment epithelium from oxidative stress.

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for the survival of retinal photoreceptors. To study retinal degeneration, sodium iodate (NaIO) has been used to cause oxidative stress-induced RPE death followed by photoreceptor degeneration. However, analyses of RPE damage itself are still limited.

Machine learning-driven multifunctional peptide engineering for sustained ocular drug delivery.

Sustained drug delivery strategies have many potential benefits for treating a range of diseases, particularly chronic diseases that require treatment for years. For many chronic ocular diseases, patient adherence to eye drop dosing regimens and the need for frequent intraocular injections are significant barriers to effective disease management. Here, we utilize peptide engineering to impart melanin binding properties to peptide-drug conjugates to act as a sustained-release depot in the eye.

Insights on the role of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents in the amelioration of diabetes.

Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that produces overt hyperglycemic condition that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin due to excessive destruction of pancreatic β-cells (type 1 diabetes) or due to development of insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes). An autoimmune condition known as type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in the targeted immune death of β-cells that produce insulin.

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation ofAcute Cholecystitis in Emergency Setting.

Background Acute cholecystitis is one of the commonest surgical disease. The rapid diagnosis at its early stage is one of the crucial factor in patient care and management. Objective To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in the diagnosis or exclusion of acute cholecystitis, coexisting choledocholithiasis, and acute pancreatitis in emergency setting.

Molecular cloning, characterization and 3D modelling of spotted snakehead fbn1 C-terminal region encoding asprosin and expression analysis of fbn1.

The FBN1 gene encodes profibrillin protein that is cleaved by the enzyme furin to release fibrillin-1 and a glucogenic hormone, asprosin. Asprosin is implicated in diverse metabolic functions as well as pathological conditions in mammals. However, till date, there are no studies on asprosin in any non-mammalian vertebrate.

Genotoxic Risks to Male Reproductive Health from Radiofrequency Radiation.

During modern era, mobile phones, televisions, microwaves, radio, and wireless devices, etc., have become an integral part of our daily lifestyle. All these technologies employ radiofrequency (RF) waves and everyone is exposed to them, since they are widespread in the environment.

Significance of Complement Regulatory Protein Tetraspanins in the Male Reproductive System and Fertilization.

Fertilization is a very sophisticated and unique process involving several key steps resulting in a zygote's formation. Recent research has indicated that some immune system-related cell surface molecules (CD molecules from the tetraspanin superfamily) may have a role in fertilization. Extracellular vesicles are undeniably involved in a variety of cellular functions, including reproduction.