WALANT vs standard anaesthesia in the management of flexor tendon injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) surgery has gained increasing popularity in recent years for hand surgery fast-tracked by the COVID pandemic. It involves infiltration of lidocaine with adrenaline to the operative region ensuring a good visual field owing to the vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine. It has numerous advantages over traditional anaesthetic (TA) for flexor tendon repairs including testing of tendon strength on table as well as immediate revision of the repair if needed.

Poor sleep quality: A wake-up call for the elderly at a tertiary care centre in Islamabad, Pakistan.

Objective: To assess the burden of sleep disorders in the elderly, and the effects of various co-morbidities linked with sleep disorders.

Methods: The longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted in different outpatient departments at a tertiary care centre in Islamabad, Pakistan, from June 2014 to June 2015, and comprised patients of either gender aged 60 years or above. Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale were used to measure the quality and patterns of sleep and daytime sleepiness in the elderly.