Successful Cardiac Surgical Management in a Trisomy 21 Child After Long-Term Hospitalization Associated With Bronchopneumonia and Hepatitis C Virus Seropositivity: A Case Report.

A 31-month-old girl with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) was seen in the emergency department of pediatrics because of oxygen desaturation associated with features of lower respiratory tract infections. She was born at full term and diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) having ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA); consequently, she underwent corrective surgery after adequate optimization of treatment. Incidentally, she was detected to have the presence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies.

Guillain-Barre syndrome following subclinical COVID-19 infection in a child.

The entire world is coping up with the challenges imposed by COVID-19 pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, which started from a single case in Wuhan city of China in November 2019. Its outcomes range from asymptomatic cases to most severe diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome. Neurological manifestations have also been reported as an outcome of coronavirus infection and Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is one of them.

On-Pump Bidirectional Glenn Shunt Compared to Off-Pump Shunt Is a Better Influencing Determinant of Perioperative Morbidity During Palliation of Univentricular Heart: Compilation of Two Cases.

The bidirectional Glenn (BDG) or hemi-Fontan technique, performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and often utilized as first-stage palliation for various cyanotic congenital heart diseases, as a part of the single-ventricle repair is associated with adverse side effects and high expenditures. Previous studies have shown that BDG is safe even without CPB, which thus necessitates further investigation. This manuscript presents the case of two patients with complex cyanotic congenital heart diseases.

Parenteral vs Oral Vitamin B12 in Children With Nutritional Macrocytic Anemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: There is limited literature in children on efficacy of different routes of vitamin B12 administration for vitamin B12 deficiency macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia.

Objective: To compare parenteral with oral vitamin B12 therapy in children with macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia.

Study Design: Single-center, open-label randomized controlled trial.

Rare manifestation of common disease: An adolescent girl with transient ischemic attack (TIA) like presentation in multiple tuberculoma.

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is a life-threatening infection and has a wide variety of presentations in children. We report a case of intracranial tuberculomas with tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in an adolescent girl with a recurrent transient ischemic attack (TIA) like unusual presentation managed with antitubercular therapy and anti-convulsant.

Can Alloplastic Total Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction be Used in the Growing Patient? A Preliminary Report.

Introduction: Although primarily reserved for adult patients, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) total joint reconstructive (TJR) surgery is rarely used in the pediatric population due to its many challenges; it is only performed after all other non-invasive or invasive procedures have been exhausted. Although autogenous grafting has been discussed in the literature, there is very little regarding synthetic or alloplastic materials. In this study, we performed alloplastic TMJ reconstruction on 5 patients with severe ankylosis due to various craniofacial deformities and prior traumatic injuries.

Glutaric Aciduria Type II With Ketosis in a Male Infant.

Glutaric aciduria type II (GA II) also known as multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is an inborn metabolic disorder belonging to the family of organic acidurias. It is a disorder that interferes with the body's ability to break down proteins and fats to produce energy. Tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) acts as a screening tool, while the diagnosis of GA-II with ketosis is confirmed by a combination of tests like organic acids, quantitative random urine, and a full urine panel.

Contemplations and Ruminations of Methodological Error.

Purpose: Journal articles in our field of oral and maxillofacial surgery are rife with case studies, cohort reviews, meta-analysis, basic science studies, surgical techniques, and anatomic studies. The data found in these studies often rely on multiple measurements by which the authors draw their conclusions. Accurate measurements play a critical role in the design of the study, which in turn affects the conclusion that the author is attempting to convey.

Is it time to incorporate physics into the Dental Admissions Test?

Although physics is a pre-requisite for dental students prior to matriculation it is not tested on the Dental Admissions Test (DAT). The concepts of physics are found throughout the dental profession, and by testing it on the DAT dental students will be better equipped to relate physics to their field and help advance it. The purpose of this paper is to make the argument for why it should be tested, as well as eliminating some of the superfluous topics on the DAT (ecology, environmental sciences, and plant physiology).

Tumorigenic Potential of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Therapy-A Case Report and Review of Literature.

An association between granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy (G-CSFT) in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSDIb) and the development of giant cell lesions of the maxillofacial complex has emerged. We have reported, to the best of our knowledge, the fourth case of giant cell granuloma (GCG) in a patient with GSDIb undergoing G-CSFT. GSDIb can present with hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and neutropenia.

Anatomic Variability of the Human Orbit.

Purpose: Knowledge of the bony orbit and how its volume changes are clinically important in addressing traumatic injuries. Restoration of orbital volume in some patients is critical to achieving successful outcomes after such injuries. In this large cadaveric study, we aimed to assess the average volume, range of bony orbit volumes, degree of volume discrepancy between the right and left orbits, and percentage of skulls with 1- and 1.

Retrieval of an Intracranially Migrated Dental Injection Needle Through the Foramen Ovale: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Dental injection needle migration is a rare complication of orthodontal procedures. When these needles fracture, they typically dislodge into the cervical space or the facial musculature. Migration into the cranial vault is difficult because of the obstacle created by the skull base.

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Soft Tissue Augmentation With a Compressive-Resistant Collagen Matrix in a Nonhuman Primate Model.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the compression-resistant collagen-based cross-linked matrix for augmentation of maxillary and mandibular soft tissue defects in an animal model.

Materials And Methods: Six rhesus macaque monkeys were subjected to soft tissue grafting in 4 sites intraorally; the anterior maxilla was subjected to hard and soft tissue grafting with implant placement. Each site was randomly assigned 1 of 3 treatments: a compressive-resistant collagen matrix membrane (CM), a subepithelial connective tissue autograft (SCTG), or sham treatment, in which a partial-thickness flap was elevated and then sutured closed with no further treatment (control).

Novel incision design and primary flap closure reduces the incidence of alveolar osteitis and infection in impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Objective: To measure the influence of flap design on alveolar osteitis (AO) and postoperative complications following mandibular third molar surgery.

Study Design: This study was designed as a randomized single-blind, split-mouth clinical trial. The predictor variable was flap type.

Mandibular fractures: an analysis of the epidemiology and patterns of injury in 4,143 fractures.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to complete a comprehensive retrospective review of the epidemiology and patterns of injury in mandibular trauma based on the Parkland Memorial Hospital trauma database over a 17-year period. The authors identified 4,143 fractures in 2,828 patients from the databank. In mandibular trauma, the mechanism of injury and several other variables can be an important point of differentiation with regard to fracture pattern.

Mandibular surgery: technologic and technical improvements.

The ability of surgeons to use advanced techniques can significantly improve both surgical outcome and patient satisfaction. Surgical evolution in mandibular orthognathic surgery is no exception, because advancements have aided both surgical planning and technique. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the historical progression of improvements in this technique and appreciate the technologic advancements as they are happening.

Intraosseous inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the mandible: a rare pathologic case report.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an extremely rare lesion found in the maxillofacial region. Its frequency diminishes further when found in the bone. Although classification has varied throughout its history, the histologic features are often diagnostic, particularly with its strong association with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1 (ALK-1) staining.

The case for advanced physics topics in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Research in oral and maxillofacial surgery has focused mainly on principles founded in the biological and chemical sciences, which have provided excellent answers to many questions. However, recent technologic advances have begun to gain prominence in many of the medical sciences, providing clinicians with more effective tools for diagnosis and treatment. The era of modern physics has led to the development of diagnostic techniques that could provide information at a more basic level than many of the current biochemical methods used.

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 promote and stabilize hard and soft tissue healing for large mandibular new bone reconstruction defects.

Numerous autogenous bone-grafting procedures are available for the recovering of large continuity defects of the mandible. However, these surgical techniques present several limitations involving postoperative morbidity and pain. The development of new bone technique reconstruction not involving autogenous bone graft would offer new opportunities for facial bone reconstruction.

Hemimaxillectomy for desmoplastic ameloblastoma with immediate temporalis flap reconstruction.

Ameloblastoma is one of the most common odontogenic tumors encountered, occurring more frequently than all other tumors combined, if one excludes the keratocystic odontogenic tumor. These tumors can cause severe expansion of the cortical bones and gross anatomic deformities. They can affect the dentition, causing tooth mobility and displacement.

Treatment of severe frontobasilar fractures in growing patients: a case series evaluation.

Objective: The treatment of frontobasilar fractures is a demanding aspect of craniofacial fracture management. A sequel of inadequate or improper fracture management presents cosmetic and functional problems which are very difficult to correct. The aim of this manuscript was to examine a group of growing patients treated for frontobasilar fractures and provide clinicians a possible therapeutic option for the treatment of these challenging fractures.

Immediate distraction osteogenesis: the sandwich technique in combination with rhBMP-2 for anterior maxillary and mandibular defects.

The goal of this study was to demonstrate the technique and effectiveness of incorporating recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to the established sandwich osteotomy technique. Although the success of the sandwich osteotomy procedure has been well documented, we hope to show that the addition of rhBMP-2 will enhance bone formation.We performed a sandwich osteotomy technique in patients who had been treated initially by grafting with suboptimal results.