Field Effectiveness of a Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine: The 2018 Navi Mumbai Pediatric TCV Campaign.

Typbar-TCV®, a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), was prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017. We evaluated its effectiveness in a mass vaccination program targeting children 9 months to 14 years in Navi Mumbai, India, from September 2018 to July 2020. We compared laboratory-confirmed typhoid cases from six clinical sites with age-matched community controls.

Retrospective Review of Blood Culture-Confirmed Cases of Enteric Fever in Navi Mumbai, India: 2014-2018.

India has one of the highest estimated burdens of enteric fever globally. Prior to the implementation of Typbar-TCV typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in a public sector pediatric immunization campaign in Navi Mumbai, India, we conducted a retrospective review of blood culture-confirmed cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers to estimate the local burden of disease. This review included all blood cultures processed at a central microbiology laboratory, serving multiple hospitals, in Navi Mumbai (January 2014-May 2018) that tested positive for either Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi A.

Mutations in AcrR and RNA Polymerase Confer High-Level Resistance to Psoralen-UVA Irradiation.

DNA interstrand cross-links, such as those formed by psoralen-UVA irradiation, are highly toxic lesions in both humans and bacteria, with a single lesion being lethal in Escherichia coli. Despite the lack of effective repair, human cancers and bacteria can develop resistance to cross-linking treatments, although the mechanisms of resistance remain poorly defined. Here, we subjected E.

Delivery cost of the first public sector introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine in Navi Mumbai, India.

Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC), a local government in Mumbai, India, implemented the first public sector TCV campaign in 2018. This study estimated the delivery costs of this TCV campaign using a Microsoft Excel-based tool based on a micro-costing approach from the government (NMMC) perspective. The campaign's financial (direct expenditures) and economic costs (financial costs plus the monetized value of additional donated or existing items) incremental to the existing immunization program were collected.

Programmatic Effectiveness of a Pediatric Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Campaign in Navi Mumbai, India.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends vaccines for prevention and control of typhoid fever, especially where antimicrobial-resistant typhoid circulates. In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) implemented a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) campaign. The campaign targeted all children aged 9 months through 14 years within NMMC boundaries (approximately 320 000 children) over 2 vaccination phases.

NEDD9 Overexpression Causes Hyperproliferation of Luminal Cells and Cooperates with HER2 Oncogene in Tumor Initiation: A Novel Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer.

HER2 overexpression occurs in 10-20% of breast cancer patients. HER2+ tumors are characterized by an increase in Ki67, early relapse, and increased metastasis. Little is known about the factors influencing early stages of HER2- tumorigenesis and diagnostic markers.

Utilization Trends and Volume-outcomes Relationship of Endoscopic Resection for Early Stage Esophageal Cancer.

Objectives: We describe utilization trends and center volume-outcomes relationship of ER of early stage esophageal cancer using a large hospitalbased registry.

Summary Of Background Data: ER is increasingly accepted as the preferred treatment for early stage esophageal cancer, however its utilization and the center volume-outcomes relationship in the United States is unknown.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer treated with ER or esophagectomy between 2004 and 2015.

Evaluation of Vaccine Safety After the First Public Sector Introduction of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine-Navi Mumbai, India, 2018.

Background: In December 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified the first typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV; Typbar-TCV). While no safety concerns were identified in pre- and postlicensure studies, WHO's Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety recommended robust safety evaluation with large-scale TCV introductions. During July-August 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) launched the world's first public sector TCV introduction.

Predictors of Abnormal Functional Luminal Impedance Planimetry Findings in Non-mechanical Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction.

Background: Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is a common but nonspecific motility pattern identified by esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM). Functional luminal impedance planimetry (FLIP) provides information regarding lower esophageal sphincter (LES) mechanics, which can identify achalasia spectrum disorders and is useful in evaluating EGJOO. However, the relationship between HRM and FLIP parameters in EGJOO is not clearly defined.

Decision Making and Implementation of the First Public Sector Introduction of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine-Navi Mumbai, India, 2018.

Background: Typhoid fever prevention and control efforts are critical in an era of rising antimicrobial resistance among typhoid pathogens. India remains one of the highest typhoid disease burden countries, although a highly efficacious typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017, has been available since 2013. In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) introduced TCV into its immunization program, targeting children aged 9 months to 14 years in 11 of 22 areas (Phase 1 campaign).

Esophageal contractile segment impedance from high-resolution impedance manometry correlates with mean nocturnal baseline impedance and acid exposure time from 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring.

Esophageal baseline impedance (BI) acquired during esophageal contraction (contractile segment impedance [CSI]) is proposed to improve BI accuracy in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We evaluated associations between CSI and conventional and novel GERD metrics. We analyzed high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) and ambulatory pH-impedance studies from 51 patients (58.

Esophageal Baseline Impedance From High-resolution Impedance Manometry Correlates With Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance From pH-impedance Monitoring.

Background/aims: Esophageal baseline impedance (BI) can be extracted from pH-impedance tracings as mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI), and from high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM), but it is unknown if values are similar between acquisition methods across HRIM manufacturers. We aim to assess correlations between MNBI and BI from HRIM (BI-HRIM) from 2 HRIM manufacturers in the setting of physiologic acid exposure time (AET).

Methods: HRIM and pH-impedance monitoring demonstrating physiologic AET (< 4%) off proton pump inhibitors were required.

Esophageal contractility increases and gastroesophageal reflux does not worsen after lung transplantation.

Gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal dysmotility are common in patients with advanced lung disease and are associated with allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation. The effect of transplantation on reflux and esophageal motility is unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in esophageal function occurring after lung transplantation.

Lung transplantation delays gastric motility in patients without prior gastrointestinal surgery-A single-center experience of 412 consecutive patients.

Purpose: To examine the impact of lung transplantation on gastric motility.

Methods: Adult recipients at a large, single center, who were retrospectively evaluated with solid gastric emptying (SGE) study post-lung transplantation, but had no history of gastrointestinal intervention (ie, pyloroplasty or fundoplication), were selected between June 2005 and August 2013. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors associated with delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after transplantation.

Radiographic and endoscopic regression of metastatic gastric cancer to the colon in the setting of 5-aminosalicylic acid use.

Colonic metastases from gastric cancer are a rare phenomenon and sparsely reported in the literature. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with vague abdominal symptoms and initial computer tomography (CT) imaging suggestive of a colonic apple-core lesion with serial colonoscopic biopsies diagnostic of metastatic signet ring cell gastric adenocarcinoma. This case is unique given the evolving CT and endoscopic findings that suggested a regression in colonic wall thickening in the setting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) use prior to histologic diagnosis.

Measles case fatality rate in Bihar, India, 2011-12.

Background: Updated estimates of measles case fatality rates (CFR) are critical for monitoring progress towards measles elimination goals. India accounted for 36% of total measles deaths occurred globally in 2011. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate measles CFR and identify the risk factors for measles death in Bihar-one of the north Indian states historically known for its low vaccination coverage.

Infectious complications following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: an automated surveillance system for detecting postprocedure bacteremia.

We have developed an automated surveillance system to detect bloodstream infection (BSI) occurring after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We retrospectively applied this automated surveillance tool to all patients who underwent ERCP at out institution between July 2004 and April 2006 to determine the baseline rates of BSI after ERCP and identify the epidemiology of the pathogens. A total of 2052 ERCPs were performed during the study period; 46 BSIs occurred within 30 days after ERCP (overall rate of post-ERCP BSI, 2.

Staging of esophageal cancer by EUS: staging accuracy revisited.

Background: EUS plays an important role in the preoperative staging of esophageal cancer. Recent data have called into question the staging accuracy of EUS, particularly in patients with early disease.

Objective: Our goals were to assess our institution's EUS staging accuracy by experienced endosonographers in a contemporary cohort of patients encompassing a wide range of disease stages and to assess staging accuracy after dilation of malignant strictures.