Molecular biomarkers of dysphagia targeted exercise induced neuroplasticity: A review of mechanistic processes and preliminary data on detraining effects.

While molecular adaptations accompanying neuroplasticity during physical exercises are well-established, little is known about adaptations during dysphagia-targeted exercises. This research article has two primary purposes. First, we aim to review the existing literature on the intersection between resistance (strength) training, molecular markers of neuroplasticity, and dysphagia rehabilitation.

Test of mastication and swallowing solids in healthy individuals aged 6 to 20 years: A normative study in an Indian context.

Background: The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) is a reliable tool for assessing chewing and swallowing in healthy adults, using commercially available crackers. TOMASS-Children (TOMASS-C) is the paediatric version of TOMASS.

Objective: The present study aimed to establish normative data for TOMASS-C using a validated regional commercial cracker among healthy individuals aged between 6-20 years of India.

Instrumental Assessment of Aero-Resistive Expiratory Muscle Strength Rehabilitation Devices.

Purpose: Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is increasingly being used to treat voice, cough, and swallowing deficits in a wide range of conditions. However, a multitude of aero-resistive EMST models are commercially available, and the absence of side-by-side comparative data interferes with clinicians' ability to assess which model is best suited to a particular client's needs. The primary aim of this research was to test and compare the pressure and flow parameters of six currently available EMST models to help inform clinical decision making.

Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) provide evidence as how diabetes can bring about changes in the peripheral nervous system. Cervical VEMP (cVEMP) evaluates the function and integrity of the sacullo- collic pathway and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) evaluates the utriculo-collic pathway. cVEMP is an ipsilateral inhibitory response of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Kannada Version of the Speech Handicap Index in Individuals with Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer.

The current study aimed to adapt and validate the speech handicap index into the Kannada language, and also to investigate its psychometric properties in Kannada speaking individuals with oral and oropharyngeal cancers. This is a cross-sectional study and it was carried out in two phases. The first phase dealt with the translation of the English version of SHI into the Kannada language, and its validation on 95 healthy individuals and 25 individuals with oral or oropharyngeal cancer.

Videofluoroscopy Practice in India: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists.

Owing to differences in clinical approaches toward videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS), professional and governing bodies in some countries have implemented guidelines for performing VFSS. However, in India, the establishment of such practice guidelines is in initial stages of acceptance and there are no uniform guidelines. The aim of the current study was to investigate and describe the clinical practice patterns related to VFSS assessments among Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) in India.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dysphagia and Associated Pneumonia in Patients With Stroke From India: A Call to Arms.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reported dysphagia and associated pneumonia risk among patients with stroke in India.

Method: We carried out a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary outcome of interest was dysphagia and pneumonia among patients with stroke in India.

The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Reliability, Validity and Normative Data for the Adult Indian Population.

The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) is a reliable and well-validated tool to assess the effectiveness of solid bolus ingestion. Previous studies have established normative values for 4 to 80+ years across a range of commercially available crackers and countries. The current study aimed to establish normative data for the TOMASS across age and gender groups for a commercially available biscuit (cracker) for the adult Indian population.

Effects of dual-task interference on swallowing in healthy aging adults.

A wide body of literature has demonstrated that the neural representation of healthy swallowing is mostly bilateral, with one hemisphere dominant over the other. While several studies have demonstrated the presence of laterality for swallowing related functions among young adults, the data on older adults are still growing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate potential changes in hemispheric dominance in healthy aging adults for swallowing related tasks using a behavioral dual-task paradigm.

The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Normative data for the adult Indian population.

This data article accompanies the manuscript titled 'The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): reliability, validity and normative data for the adult Indian population.' TOMASS is a widely used procedure to assess the effectiveness of solid bolus ingestion. Previous studies have established normative values for 4 to 80+ years across a range of commercially available crackers and countries.

The timed water test of swallowing: Reliability, validity, and normative data from Indian population.

Objectives: Dysphagia post-stroke represents a substantial health issue. The rates of pneumonia are lesser among those individuals who have passed a dysphagia screening test. Only few among the existing screening tests meet the required standards; the timed water swallow test (TWST) is one among them.

Two step convolutional neural network for automatic glottis localization and segmentation in stroboscopic videos.

Precise analysis of the vocal fold vibratory pattern in a stroboscopic video plays a key role in the evaluation of voice disorders. Automatic glottis segmentation is one of the preliminary steps in such analysis. In this work, it is divided into two subproblems namely, glottis localization and glottis segmentation.

A Delphi survey based construction and validation of test for oropharyngeal dysphagia in Indian neonates.

Background: SLPs have a crucial need to depend on comprehensive clinical swallowing assessments to determine the presence of dysphagia in neonates. A comprehensive clinical swallowing assessment that is ethnoculturally sensitive may help to identify the presence and severity of swallowing problems in neonates.

Objective: The study aimed to construct and validate the contents of a test for oropharyngeal dysphagia in Indian neonates (TOD-IN).

Aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of voice in children with down syndrome-A systematic review.

Purpose: The anatomical, physiological, and phenotypic characteristics of children with Down Syndrome results in deviated acoustic and aerodynamic measures in their voice. These deviant vocal presentations may negatively affect the quality of life of children with Down syndrome. The present study aimed to systematically review the available literature on acoustic and aerodynamic voice characteristics of children with Down syndrome.

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Kannada Version of EAT 10.

Background: Eating Assessment Tool 10 is a symptom survey and has several advantages over other existing questionnaires. The instrument has also proven to be useful in establishing initial dysphagia symptom severity and to aid in measuring treatment outcomes. Due to its wide applicability, the instrument has been translated into several languages.

Translation and Validation of Kannada Version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index.

Background The Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is a 25-item questionnaire that assesses the quality of life among individuals with dysphagia. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Kannada version of DHI (DHI-K). Method Eighty-eight individuals with dysphagia and an equal number of healthy individuals filled out the DHI-K.

Comparison Between Automatic and Volitional Swallow in Healthy Individuals Using Tongue Array and Cervical Auscultation Modules.

In healthy normal individuals, the act of swallowing can be performed volitionally or can occur spontaneously. Several attempts have been made to look into the possible differences that might exist between automatic swallow (AS) and volitional swallow (VS). The present study is an attempt to physiologically differentiate AS from that of VS, using combined modules of tongue array and cervical auscultation of Digital Swallowing Workstation.

Forehead against Resistance (FAR): Preliminary Findings from A Clinical Alternative to Shaker's Type of Exercise.

Background: Reduced UES opening is a well-known risk factor for dysphagia. The Shaker exercise and the CTAR are the widely used intervention strategies to bring about effective UES opening. But there are well-known difficulties with the clinical use of these two exercise regimes.