Special emphasis on bone health management in prostate cancer patients: a prospective longitudinal study.

Introduction: Use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in carcinoma prostate (CaP) has deleterious effect on bone mineral density (BMD) leading to increase incidence of osteoporosis and skeletal-related events. We evaluated bone health status and impact of bone-directed therapy (BDT) and ADT on BMD in these patients from Jan 2015-Dec 2018.

Materials And Method: Baseline bone health was assessed using Tc-99 MDP Bone scan/DEXA scan for patients on ADT.

Vulvar tuberculosis.

Genital tuberculosis (TB) in women is a chronic disease with low-grade symptoms. Genital tract tuberculosis is usually secondary to extragenital TB. The fallopian tubes are most commonly affected, and along with endometrial involvement, it causes infertility in such patients.

Outcomes of patients with Fournier's Gangrene: 12-year experience from a tertiary care referral center.

Objective: To highlight changing trends of the clinical spectrum, and compare the management options and predictors of Fournier's gangrene (FG) outcomes in a tertiary care referral center.

Material And Methods: This study included patients with FG between August 2005 and July 2017. Patients were classified as "responders" and "nonresponders.

Genetic susceptibility of CYP1A1 gene and risk of pesticide exposure in prostate cancer.

Background: The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) is multi-factorial including environmental and genetic factors. Present study evaluates the association between level of pesticides, stress level and CYP1A1 gene polymorphism with PCa patients.

Methods: A case control study was conducted with 102 PCa patients and age match symptomatic (n= 107) and asymptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n= 70) patients.

Prospective randomized comparison of repairing vesicovaginal fistula with or without the interposition flap: Result from a tertiary care Institute in Northern India.

Objective: Assessment of results of repairing vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) with or without the use of interposition flaps.

Material And Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted between January 2012 to December 2017 in the Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. Obstetric and gynecological simple fistula of ≤4 cm were included for evaluation.

Role of gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer: Experience over the last decade.

Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is considered the standard of care for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. In the last decade, interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy has slowly shifted from methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin regime to gemcitabine and cisplatin regime. There are many publications on gemcitabine and cisplatin regime in literature which cover different aspects of treatment.

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin due to prolonged indwelling percutaneous nephrostomy catheter.

Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) catheter placement is a commonly performed procedure in the urological practice for various indications like percutaneous nephrolithotomy, pyonephrosis, infected hydronephrosis and after failed attempt of ureteric stenting. The nephrostomy catheter is usually associated with low complication and morbidity rate, but prolonged indwelling nephrostomy tube may be hazardous in some cases. We hereby report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of skin around the PCN, which was attributed to chronic inflammation and persistent irritation from a long-term neglected indwelling nephrostomy catheter for last 3 years.

Diagnostic utility of GATA3 immunohistochemical expression in urothelial carcinoma.

Aims: This study aims to explore the utility of GATA binding protein 3, a zinc finger transcription factor, expression in genitourinary carcinoma, especially urothelial carcinoma.

Settings And Design: It is a prospective study where 74 consecutive cases of urothelial carcinoma along with 10 cases each of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC) and conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma were included between August 2016 and January 2017.

Methods And Materials: All the cases were histopathologically evaluated and immunohistochemically stained for GATA binding protein 3.

Implications of the Fracture Risk Assessment Algorithm for the assessment and improvement of bone health in patients with prostate cancer: A comprehensive review.

Objective: Maintaining the optimum bone health is one of the important concerns in patients with prostate cancer, but it usually remains neglected. Failure to screen these patients is detrimental to both the length and the quality of life. The estimation of bone mineral density (BMD) and more recently the World Health Organization's fracture risk assessment (FRAX) algorithm in appropriate patients is recommended by several specialty organizations/associations at the time of instituting androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic and high-risk individuals.

Analysis of anastomotic urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect: Decadal experience from a high-volume tertiary care center.

Context: Pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (PFUDD) may be challenging for the treating urologist. Anastomotic urethroplasty is the established surgical procedure for the treatment of PFUDD. Few studies in literature focus purely on PFUDD, and majority of the studies include anterior urethral stricture as well.

Medullary sponge kidney and Caroli's disease in a patient with stricture urethra: look for the hidden in presence of the apparent.

Caroli's disease is a rare congenital disorder with incidence rate of approximately 1 in 1 000 000 population. Renal anomalies which may be associated with Caroli's disease include medullary sponge kidney (MSK), cortical cysts, adult recessive polycystic kidney disease and rarely autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Exact incidence of MSK in patients of Caroli's disease is not known.

Large anterior urethral calculus masquerading as periurethral abscess.

Urethral calculus causes variety of symptoms from simple dysuria to acute urinary retention. The diagnosis is many times not easy. A plain X-ray of the pelvis may aid in diagnosis.

Acute mechanical duodenal obstruction due to giant hydronephrosis: an unusual cause of acute abdomen.

Giant hydronephrosis (GH) is a rare clinical entity with about 600 cases and defined as the adult renal pelvis containing greater than 1 L of fluid, or at least 1.6% of the body weight or kidney occupying the hemiabdomen. The pelvic-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is the most frequent cause of GH.

Gossypiboma masquerading as nephrocutaneous fistula.

Nephrocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of surgical procedures involving the kidney. Fistula formation is also a complication seen in gossypiboma. We present the case of a patient who was initially suspected to have nephrocutaneous fistula after open pyelolithotomy.

Post-traumatic bony impingement into vagina: a rare cause of urethrovaginal fistula.

A 22-year-old woman met with road traffic accident 6 months back following which she underwent exploratory laparotomy with intraperitoneal bladder rupture repair. She presented with urethrovaginal fistula due to a fragment of fractured pubic bone impinging into the anterior vaginal wall. The findings were confirmed on CT scan and cystoscopy.

Long-term outcomes of sigmoid vaginoplasty in patients with disorder of sexual development - our experience.

Introduction: To report our experience with sigmoid vaginoplasty in patients with different forms of disorder of sexual development and their long-term follow-up.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent sigmoid vaginoplasty between July 2004 and June 2015 at our center. Follow-up included a physical examination to assess vaginal length and width, cosmetic appearance of the neovagina, and occurrence of any complications.

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of urinary bladder in an adult patient: an unusual manifestation.

An adult man presented with off and on painless haematuria, which was diagnosed as bladder mass on contrast-enhanced CT. He underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour with complete resection. A diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was made following histopathology and immunohistochemistry report.