Translating ophthalmic medical jargon with artificial intelligence: a comparative comprehension study.

Objective: Our goal was to evaluate the efficacy of OpenAI's ChatGPT-4.0 large language model (LLM) in translating technical ophthalmology terminology into more comprehensible language for allied health care professionals and compare it with other LLMs.

Design: Observational cross-sectional study.

Prognostic Value of the Neurological Pupil Index in Patients With Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: The Neurological Pupil index (NPi) provides a quantitative assessment of pupil reactivity and may have prognostic value in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We aimed to explore associations between the NPi and clinical outcomes in patients with SAH.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 79 consecutive patients with acute SAH.

Optic Nerve Angle in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Background: The tortuosity of the optic nerve can be quantified radiologically by measuring the angle of optic nerve deformation (the "optic nerve angle" [ONA]). In patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), lowering the intracranial pressure (ICP) to a normal range by lumbar puncture leads to straightening of the optic nerve and an increase in the measured sagittal ONA on MRI. It is uncertain whether there is any correlation between ONA and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure or visual function.

Optic disc edema due to peripapillary choroidal neovascularization.

A 35-year-old myopic woman developed right-eye optic disc edema with normal visual function. The presence of a subtle crescent-shaped peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage in addition to the disc edema raised concern for a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane, which was confirmed by enhanced depth optical coherence tomography.

Conservative treatments for acute nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion: Do they work?

Acute central retinal arterial occlusion has a very poor visual prognosis. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of evidence to support the use of any of the so-called "conservative" treatment options for CRAO, and the use of thrombolytics remains controversial. In this review, we address a variety of these "conservative" pharmacologic treatments (pentoxifylline, isosorbide dinitrate, and acetazolamide) and nonpharmacologic approaches (carbogen, hyperbaric oxygen, ocular massage, anterior chamber paracentesis, laser embolectomy, and hemodilution) that have been proposed as potential treatments of this condition.

Patient Harm Due to Diagnostic Error of Neuro-Ophthalmologic Conditions.

Purpose: To prospectively examine diagnostic error of neuro-ophthalmic conditions and resultant harm at multiple sites.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 496 consecutive adult new patients seen at 3 university-based neuro-ophthalmology clinics in the United States in 2019 to 2020.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Pregnancy.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome characterized by elevated intracranial pressure without an identifiable underlying cause. Pregnancy has unique and important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for patients with IIH. Despite these implications, there are no guidelines to assist clinicians in managing IIH during pregnancy.

Unilateral Isolated Paucisymptomatic Optic Disc Edema.

Background: Unilateral isolated optic disc edema (UIODE) represents a challenging clinical presentation that frequently precipitates an extensive diagnostic work-up. Patients without an apparent diagnosis despite appropriate investigations are often categorized as having "papillophlebitis," an entity that is poorly defined in the existing literature. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of a series of patients with paucisymptomatic UIODE, determine the optimal diagnostic approach to such cases, and clarify the clinical features of presumed papillophlebitis.

Ocular Fundus Abnormalities in Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The FOTO-ICU Study.

Background: Ocular fundus abnormalities, especially intraocular hemorrhage, may represent a clinically useful prognostic marker in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Objective: To evaluate associations between ocular fundus abnormalities and clinical outcomes in acute SAH.

Methods: Prospective evaluation of acute SAH patients with ocular fundus photography at bedside.

Ophthalmic adverse effects of lithium.

Lithium is the current mainstay treatment for both acute and maintenance management of bipolar disorders. However, its narrow therapeutic index and array of side effects, although well-documented, can be challenging to manage. Comparatively, the side effects of lithium that involve the ophthalmic structures are not as well established in the literature and only partially appreciated, which can potentially lead to noncompliance.

New concepts on acute ocular ischemia.

Purpose Of Review: To review recent advances in the management of acute ocular ischemic events, including: transient monocular vision loss, central and branch retinal artery occlusions, and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Recent Findings: Transient monocular vision loss and acute retinal arterial occlusions require immediate diagnosis and management, with recognition of these events as transient ischemic attack or stroke equivalents, respectively. Patients should undergo an immediate stroke workup in a stroke center, similar to patients with acute cerebral ischemia.

Status of Canadian undergraduate medical education in ophthalmology.

Objective: To use the perspectives of undergraduate program directors to assess the current structure and adequacy of undergraduate ophthalmology curricula at Canadian medical schools.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Participants: Undergraduate ophthalmology program directors at each English-speaking Canadian medical school.

Association between positive corneal rim cultures and microbiology screening protocols in Ontario.

Objective: (i) To assess the rate of positive microbiological cultures of corneas prepared by the Eye Bank of Canada (Ontario Division) between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013; (ii) to review the microbiology protocols at the 5 major transplant centres in Ontario; and (iii) to assess the incidence of endophthalmitis during the study period.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: A total of 4186 consecutive cultured corneal tissues prepared by the Eye Bank from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013.

Treatment of Nonarteritic Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an event most often caused by an embolus originating in the ipsilateral carotid artery, aortic arch, or heart. CRAO may result from partial or complete occlusion of the central retinal artery (CRA), which acts as the primary blood supply to the inner neurosensory retina, and typically results in profound vision loss and permanent visual disability. No consensus has emerged regarding the optimal treatment of CRAO.

Barriers to electronic medical record implementation: a comparison between ophthalmology and other surgical specialties in Canada.

Objective: In the present study, the barriers limiting widespread adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) among Canadian ophthalmologists were evaluated in comparison with physicians from other surgical specialities. The published literature regarding EMR use in ophthalmic practice was also reviewed.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Comparison of intraocular pressure post penetrating keratoplasty vs Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty.

Objective: To compare the effect of Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and use of ocular antihypertensives.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Thirty-five eyes in 33 patients undergoing PKP and 43 eyes in 38 patients undergoing DSEK were included in the analysis.