Monitoring Apoptosis and Myeloid Differentiation of Acridine Orange-Mediated Sonodynamic Therapy-Induced Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL60 Cells.

Objectives: In the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), conventional therapies can lead to severe side effects and drug resistance. There is a need for alternative treatments that do not cause treatment resistance and have minimal or no side effects. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), due to its noninvasive, multiple repeatability, localized treatment feature and do not cause treatment resistance, emerges as an alternative treatment option.

In silico analysis of DEL-1 and inflammation-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: Twenty to thirty percent of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are caused by lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), especially in smokers and there has been limited study previously evaluating the situation in terms of the genome and gene expression profile, which demonstrates the relationship among DEL-1, leucocyte recruitment, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LUSC.

Material And Methods: In the current study, the m-RNA expression patterns and mutation profiles of our target genes, such as, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractant molecules, and DEL-1 genes, in 511 LUSC patients. To find the harmful mutations, the PolyPhen-2 and SNAP programs were employed.

The adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, light-emitting-diode photobiomodulation and ozone therapy in regenerative treatment of stage III/IV grade C periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: To assess the short-term efficacy of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), light-emitting-diode (LED) photobiomodulation, and topical ozone therapy applications following surgical regenerative treatments on clinical parameters, patient-centered outcomes, and mRNA expression levels of VEGF, IL-6, RunX2, Nell-1, and osterix in gingival crevicular fluid samples in patients with stage III/IV, grade C periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight systemically healthy patients were assigned into four groups to receive adjunctive modalities with regenerative periodontal surgical treatment. A 970 ± 15 nm diode laser plus indocyanine-green for aPDT group, a 626 nm LED for photobiomodulation group, and topical gaseous ozone were applied at 0, 1, 3, and 7 postoperative days and compared to control group.

Antileukemic potential of Nile blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on HL60 human myeloid leukemia cells.

Background/aim: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received great attention over the past decade in the treatment of diseases such as leukemia which is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow cells that causes a significant number of deaths worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Nile blue-mediated PDT (NB-mediated PDT) on HL60 cells.

Materials And Methods: The effect of NB-mediated PDT on cell proliferation was evaluated with cell volume analysis using flow cytometry at 24 h.

Synthesis and evaluation of multitarget new 2-aminothiazole derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents.

In this study, two diverse series of 2-aminothiazole-based multitarget compounds, one propenamide and the other propanamide derivatives, were designed and synthesized. Subsequently, their anticholinesterease and antioxidant (ORAC) activities were tested. Among them, compound 3e was the most potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor (AChE IC  = 0.

New thiourea and benzamide derivatives of 2-aminothiazole as multi-target agents against Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.

In this study, two series of compounds were designed and synthesized, bearing thiourea and benzamide derivatives at position 2 of 4-subtituted-2-aminothiazole, respectively. Then, the inhibition potency of all final compounds for cholinesterase enzymes were evaluated. Among the thiourea derivatives, 3c (IC50 = 0.

[An In Vitro Study on Sonodynamic Therapy of Leishmania tropica Using Curcumin].

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is transmitted by Phlebotomus, 400 thousand new cases appearing every year, and approximately 350 million people are at risk, and accepted by the World Health Organization as one of the six important tropical diseases. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease that occurs on exposed areas of the body and is characterized by long-term non-healing skin lesions. Although the treatment methods applied today vary according to the clinical picture of the patient, the immune system of the person and the causative agent Leishmania species, there is still no standard treatment scheme that has few side effects and can be used in the treatment of leishmaniasis.

[The Effect of Oleuropein on The Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species on Leishmania tropica Promastigotes].

Leishmania parasites, which are reported to be endemic in 98 countries around the world, infect humans as well as wild and domestic carnivores and small mammals, and are transmitted by sand flies (Phlebotomus, dwarf sandflies). It is reported that 350 million people are at risk and two million new cases are seen in the world every year. It has been reported that different drugs (topical paromomycin, oral miltefosine, ketoconazole, rifampin, and zinc) have been tried in studies especially in endemic regions in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and response to treatment has been obtained at different rates.

Efficacy of malachite green mediated photodynamic therapy on treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: In vitro study.

Background: Leishmaniasis is a common zoonotic disease that is transmitted by phlebotomus and causes several clinical conditions, from self healing lesion to deadly internal organ involvement. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment method that leads to the generation of cytotoxic species and consequently to cell death and tissue destruction by visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer and oxygen. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of malachite green (MG)-mediated PDT in Leishmania tropica (L.

Evaluation of heat shock protein 70 and toll-like receptor 4 expression in gingival crevicular fluid in response to orthodontic forces.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) during orthodontic tooth movement and to compare their levels with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a well-known proinflammatory biomarker.

Materials And Methods: This study consisted of 20 patients (8 males, 12 females; mean age 14.75 ± 2.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new benzoxazolone/benzothiazolone derivatives as multi-target agents against Alzheimer's disease.

In this study, four series of compounds with benzoxazolone and benzothiazolone cores were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, in order to shed light on the effect of the carbonyl groups of benzoxazolone/benzothiazolone, benzoxazole/benzothiazole-containing analogues were also synthesized and evaluated. Inhibition potency of all final compounds towards cholinesterase enzymes and their antioxidant activity were tested.

TNF-α Induces URG-4/URGCP Gene Expression in Hepatoma Cells through Starvation Dependent Manner.

URG-4/URGCP is a gene that may be associated with the onset of tumorigenesis and cell cycle regulation. In the literature, there is no study about inflammatory cytokine-mediated URG-4/URGCP regulation. In this study, the effect of TNF-α cytokine was investigated on URG-4/URGCP expression in serum-starved and serum-cultured hepatoma cells.

Structural variations and expression profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 host invasion genes in lung cancer.

Recent days have seen growing evidence of cancer's susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of the effect of genomic differences on the virus' entrance genes in lung cancer. Genetic confirmation of the hypotheses regarding gene expression and mutation pattern of target genes, including angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), basigin (CD147/BSG) and paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme (FURIN/PCSK3), as well as correlation analysis, was done in relation to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) using in silico analysis. Not only were gene expression and mutation patterns detected, but also there were correlation and survival analysis between ACE2 and other target genes expression levels.

A new surgical technique versus an old marker: can expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty reduce C-reactive protein levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before and after expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty (ESP) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Fifty-one patients with newly diagnosed OSA were prospectively enrolled in this study. We performed ESP in twenty-three patients in the surgery group and twenty-eight patients were included in the CPAP group.

Synthesis of platinum(II) complexes of 2-cycloalkyl-substituted benzimidazoles and their cytotoxic effects.

Five novel Pt(II) complexes with some 2-cycloalkyl-substituted benzimidazole carrier-ligands were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against HeLa and OVCAR-3 cell lines. A cell viability test revealed that [dichloro-bis(2-cycloheptylbenzimidazole) platinum(II)] is less cytotoxic than cisplatin, and its cytotoxic effect can be compared with that of carboplatin. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that this complex at 117 μM concentration causes apoptosis in approx.

The Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Adipocyte Viability in Human Adipocyte and Adipocyte-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultures Under Ischemic Conditions.

Background: This study evaluated the in vitro effects of hydrogen sulfide on adipocyte survival under ischemic conditions and explored possible mechanisms of its apoptotic process.

Methods: The mesenchymal stem cell culture was prepared from a human subcutaneous adipose tissue sample. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into the adipogenic direction, and a mature adipocyte culture was obtained.

An in vitro and in vivo investigation of the cytotoxic effects of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) phenethyl ester and bortezomib in multiple myeloma cells.

Background/aim: In this study, the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) phenethyl ester (CAPE) in combination with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, was explored in multiple myeloma (MM) cells.

Materials And Methods: The cytotoxic effects of CAPE and bortezomib were determined by XTT cell proliferation assay. Apoptosis levels were analyzed with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) was analyzed with electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate CAPE's mechanism of action.

An in vitro study on the risk of non-allergic type-I like hypersensitivity to Momordica charantia.

Background: Momordica charantia (MC) is a tropical plant that is extensively used in folk medicine. However, the knowledge about side effects of this plant is relatively little according to knowledge about its therapeutic effects. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of non-allergic type-I like hypersensitivity to MC by an experiment which was designed in vitro.

Multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification analysis of KAL1, GNRH1, GNRHR, PROK2 and PROKR2 in male patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of KAL1, GNRH1, GNRHR, PROK2, and PROKR2 copy numbervariations in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH).

Material And Methods: 86 hypogonadal males (76 diagnosed with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism [nIHH] andten with Kallmann syndrome [KS]) and 95 healthy control individuals were studied for the presence of aforementioned genomic rearrangements,using multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA).

Results: We detected that of the 86 patients, three with KS had a deletion of the KAL1 gene in exon 9, one of whom also carried a duplicationin exon 11; and three with nIHH had a duplication of the PROK2 gene in exon 3; a deletion of the GNRHR gene in exon 1; anda duplication of the same gene in exon 2, respectively.

A polymorphism in ERAP1 is associated with susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in a Turkish population.

We assessed the role played by the ERAP1 gene in Turkish patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in terms of disease susceptibility, clinical manifestations, and disease severity. We included 150 consecutive AS patients who met the modified New York classification criteria and 150 healthy controls. We documented the presence of 10 ERAP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HLA-B27 in these patients.

Relationship of ultrasonographic findings with synovial angiogenesis modulators in different forms of knee arthritides.

Angiogenesis is controlled by a variety of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors. The increased power Doppler (PD) signals determined by ultrasonography is an indirect marker of synovial vascularity in arthritis. We aimed to investigate relationship between ultrasonographic findings and synovial angiogenesis modulators.

Hypoxia and cytokines regulate carbonic anhydrase 9 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.

Aim: To study the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) 9 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Methods: We studied CA9 protein, CA9 mRNA and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein levels in Hep3B cells exposed in different parallel approaches. In one of these approaches, HCC cells were exposed to extreme in vitro hypoxia (24 h 0.

Association of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with pemphigus vulgaris in a Turkish population.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is strongly associated with major histocompatibility complex class II alleles. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) subtypes vary with racial/ethnic backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of HLA class II alleles and haplotypes with PV in Turkish patients.

Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and DNA interactions of new cisplatin analogues containing substituted benzimidazole ligands.

Six new platinum(II) complexes with 1-H or methyl-2-chloromethyl or acetoxymethyl or 2'-hydroxyethylbenzimidazole carrier ligands were synthesized and evaluated for their reactivity against model nucleophile I(-), cellular uptake, and in vitro antiproliferative activities against the human MCF-7 breast and HeLa cervix cancer cell lines. The effect of the compounds on pBR322 plasmid DNA was studied by gel electrophoretic mobility measurements. Flow cytometric analysis was also carried out to study the effect of representative compounds 1 and 2, bearing 2-chloromethyl or -acetoxymethylbenzimidazole carrier ligands, on the cell cycle distribution of MCF-7 and HeLa cells, respectively.