Proposal for standardized ultrasound analysis of the salivary glands: Part 1 submandibular gland.

Objectives: The Salivary Gland Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery seeks to standardize terminology and technique for ultrasonograpy used in the evaluation and treatment of salivary gland disorders.

Methods: Development of expert opinion obtained through interaction with international practitioners representing multiple specialties. This committee work includes a comprehensive literature review with presentation of case examples to propose a standardized protocol for the language used in ultrasound salivary gland assessment.

The Role of Sialendoscopy in Parotid Duct Stenosis in Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Sialendoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure for concurrent diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland ductal pathologies, was used to alleviate recurrent left parotid gland swelling and dry mouth in a 58-year-old man with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Laryngoscope, 133:279-281, 2023.

Major Salivary Gland Cancer With Distant Metastasis Upon Presentation: Patterns, Outcomes, and Imaging Implications.

Objectives: Given limited data availability on distant metastasis (DM) in major salivary gland (MSG) malignancy presentation, we aimed to evaluate the rate, histologic patterns, location, and predictors of DM at first MSG cancer presentation and suggest potential implications on diagnostic workup.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Commission on Cancer-accredited hospitals.

Anesthesia screen use may impact operating room communication practices in otolaryngology.

Objectives: Failures in communication are a leading contributor to medical error. There is increasing attention on cultivating robust communication practices in the Operating Room (OR) to mitigate against patient injury and optimize efficient patient care. Few studies have evaluated how surgical equipment may introduce barriers to team dynamics.

Superselective carotid body tumor embolization with platinum-based coils.

Resection of Shamblin II and III carotid body tumors can be challenging owing to the potential for significant blood loss. Prophylactic use of liquid embolic agents poses a risk of inflammatory reactions and nontarget embolization. On the other hand, coil embolization has traditionally been limited to cases involving external carotid artery sacrifice.

Prolonged inpatient stay after upfront total laryngectomy is associated with overall survival.

Objectives: To investigate factors and complications associated with prolonged inpatient length of stay (LOS) in patients who receive total laryngectomy (TL), and to analyze its effect on short-term and long-term overall survival (OS).

Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried from 2004 to 2016 for patients with laryngeal cancer, who received TL within 60 days of diagnosis, and who had an inpatient LOS ≥1 night. Multivariable binary logistic regression and survival analyses on propensity score matched cohorts with Kaplan-Meier analysis and extended Cox regression were utilized.

The role of vitamin D in head and neck cancer.

Objective: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) describes a set of malignancies of the head and neck that continue to inflict considerable morbidity and mortality. Because HNSCC often presents at an advanced stage, patients frequently undergo intensive multi-modal therapy with an intent to cure. Vitamin D is a precursor to the biologically active hormone calcitriol which governs bone and calcium physiology that is obtained from diet and UV-B exposure.

Revisiting the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 1221 Hypothesis: Treatment for Stage III/IV HPV-Negative Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Objective: In 2014, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 1221 trial was initiated to analyze whether surgery with risk-based radiation therapy or chemoradiation therapy was superior to chemoradiation therapy alone in patients with clinically staged T1-2N1-2bM0 HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the study was prematurely terminated. Given the lack of a randomized controlled trial, we retrospectively approached the same question using large national cancer databases.

COVID-19's Impact on the 2020-2021 Resident Match: A Survey of Otolaryngology Program Directors.

Objective: To determine the impact coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) will have on the 2020-2021 otolaryngology (OTO-HNS) resident application cycle.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey targeting OTO-HNS program directors (PD) was created and disseminated via email to PDs on May 28th 2020. Descriptive analyses of the 19-question survey was performed, and free text responses for certain suitable questions were thematically categorized into groups determined to be relevant during analysis.

Otolaryngology Match 2020-21: Survey of Prospective Applicants in the Setting of COVID-19.

Objectives: To capture the perspectives of candidates applying for otolaryngology residency positions in the 2020-21 cycle, in the context of disruption caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Subjects And Methods: Candidates planning to apply to the otolaryngology 2020-21 match were invited to complete a cross-sectional online survey. Distribution was via otomatch.

Salivary and lacrimal dysfunction after radioactive iodine for differentiated thyroid cancer: American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and Salivary Gland Section joint multidisciplinary clinical consensus statement of otolaryngology, ophthalmology, nuclear medicine and endocrinology.

Background: Postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) administration is widely utilized in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. While beneficial in select patients, it is critical to recognize the potential negative sequelae of this treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and management of the salivary and lacrimal complications of RAI exposure are addressed in this consensus statement.

The epidemiology, surgical management, and impact of margins in skull and mandibular osseous-site tumors.

Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of head and neck (HN) osseous-site tumors.

Methods: Descriptive analyses and multivariate Cox regressions were performed to analyze the effect of surgery on overall survival (OS) utilizing the National Cancer Database (2004-2016).

Results: Of 2449 tumors, surgery was utilized in 84.

Assessing National Utilization Trends and Outcomes of Robotic and Endoscopic Thyroidectomy in the United States.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate trends and outcomes of surgical approaches to thyroid surgery. We hypothesized that there have been changes over time in the utilization of approaches to thyroidectomy, including endoscopic, robotic, and open approaches, and that patient outcomes may differ between open surgery and endoscopic or robotic approaches.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis.

Elective neck dissection (END) and cN0 hard palate and upper gingival cancers: A National Cancer Database analysis of factors predictive of END and impact on survival.

Background And Objectives: The reported risk of nodal metastasis in hard palate and upper gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been inconsistent with inadequate consensus regarding the utility of neck dissection in the clinically negative (cN0) neck.

Materials And Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, cN0 patients diagnosed with SCC of the head and neck with the subsites of the hard palate and upper gingiva were identified from 2004 to 2014.

Results: A total of 1830 patients were identified, and END was performed on 422 patients with cN0 tumors.

Preoperative biopsy in parotid malignancies: Variation in use and impact on surgical margins.

Objectives: Determine rate of preoperative biopsy in parotid malignancies, identify factors associated with its use, and its association with surgical margins.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Commission on Cancer-Accredited Institutions.

Evaluation of Monitored Anesthesia Care in Sialendoscopy.

Importance: In the United States, sialendoscopy is most often performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (GETA); however, monitored anesthesia care (MAC) may be a viable alternative.

Objective: To investigate patient characteristics and outcomes following sialendoscopy performed under MAC or GETA to assess the potential of MAC as an alternative anesthetic option.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective review of medical records on patients who underwent sialendoscopy between October 1, 2011, and August 31, 2014, was performed.

Rapid recurrent sialolithiasis: Altered stone composition and potential factors for recurrence.

The objective of this report was to identify potential factors associated with recurrent sialolithiasis after surgical intervention. This is a report of a woman with recurrent submandibular sialolithiasis after surgical intervention. Several characteristics of this patient indicate that she may have been predisposed to recurrent stone formation.

Impact of Flap Reconstruction on Radiotoxicity After Salvage Surgery and Reirradiation for Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer.

Background: Recurrent head and neck malignancies remain a therapeutic challenge. Tissue transfer, in addition to defect coverage and prevention of wound complications, may potentially decrease radiotoxicity. We evaluated radiation toxicity and survival outcomes of patients who underwent salvage surgery with reirradiation, comparing primary closure to flap reconstruction.

De-escalation of radiation dose for human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and preclinical and clinical literature review.

Traditionally, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been considered to be a relatively homogeneous disease. However, recent data have demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative disease are two different clinical entities associated with different outcomes. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported a divergence in treatment strategies as well as prognostic outcomes for HNSCCs that are HPV-positive versus HPV-negative.

Detailed Analysis of Clinicopathologic Factors Demonstrate Distinct Difference in Outcome and Prognostic Factors Between Surgically Treated HPV-Positive and Negative Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Background: Oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) secondary to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections likely represent a completely different disease compared with conventional head and neck cancers. Our objective was to analyze a surgically treated cohort to determine predictors of outcome in HPV-positive versus HPV-negative patients.

Methods: HPV positivity was inferred based on p16-immunohistochemistry.

Continuous high-dose vasopressors in free anterolateral thigh flap transfer for pharyngeal reconstruction: a report of two cases.

Use of vasopressors is controversial in patients undergoing free flap reconstruction. Recent literature has suggested that it is safe to administer vasopressors intraoperatively during these procedures. However studies have not addressed whether this safety extends to continuous high dose use.

Resection of an upper cervical aneurysmal bone cyst and spinal reconstruction using a midline mandibular osteotomy in a pediatric patient.

The authors report on the surgical management of an extensive lesion of the upper cervical spine that required an uncommon transmandibular approach to facilitate exposure, resection, and stabilization in a pediatric patient. A 6-year-old boy with a large aneurysmal bone cyst of the C-2 vertebra presented with progressive weakness and right-sided neck pain. The lesion extended laterally into the soft tissue of the neck, inferiorly to C-4, and posteriorly around the spinal cord.