Rapid detection of Salmonella Typhi by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method.

An in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction was established and evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates from Kelantan, Malaysia. Three sets of primers consisting of two outer and 4 inner were designed based on locus STBHUCCB_38510 of chaperone PapD of S.

Three-dimensional quantitative evaluation of facial morphology in adults with unilateral cleft lip and palate, and patients without clefts.

The aims of this study were to assess the quantitative values of measurements using proportion indices in the craniofacial region in patients with repaired, non-syndromic, complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and compare them with a control group who did not have clefts using the non-invasive systems of 3-dimensional technology. Three-dimensional measurements of the facial surfaces of 15 Malay patients who had UCLP repaired and 100 Malay control patients aged 18-25 years were analysed. The 3-dimensional images of the respondents' faces were captured using the VECTRA-3D Stereophotogrammetry System.

Common oncogenic mutations are infrequent in oral squamous cell carcinoma of Asian origin.

Objectives: The frequency of common oncogenic mutations and TP53 was determined in Asian oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: The OncoCarta(™) panel v1.0 assay was used to characterize oncogenic mutations.

Early dislocation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Although instability can occur after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), the risk factors, the treatment, and ultimate fate of the implant in these patients remains poorly understood.

Methods: Demographics, acute treatment, and the need for revision were evaluated in all patients with RTSAs who sustained a subsequent dislocation within the first 3 months. Standardized outcome scores were collected preoperatively and at the final follow-up.

Cryopreservation of Brassidium Shooting Star orchid using the PVS3 method supported with preliminary histological analysis.

Cryopreservation is an alternative, safe, and cost-effective method for long-term plant genetic resource conservation. This study was conducted to optimize the conditions for cryopreserving the protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Brassidium Shooting Star orchid with the PVS3 vitrification method. Five parameters were assessed in this study: PLB size, sucrose concentration, preculture duration, PVS3 duration, and unloading duration.

Characterization of a nonribosomal peptide antibiotic solid dispersion formulation by process analytical technologies sensors.

The focus of present investigation was to characterize and evaluate the variability of solid dispersion (SD) of amorphous vancomycin (VCM), utilizing crystalline polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) as a carrier and subsequently, determining their percentage composition by nondestructive method of process analytical technology (PAT) sensors. The SD were prepared by heat fusion method and characterized for physicochemical and spectral properties. Enhanced dissolution was shown by the SD formulations.

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients of varying body mass index.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is an independent predictor of complications after hip and knee arthroplasty. Whether similar trends apply to patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is unknown.

Methods: A retrospective review of primary RTSAs with a minimum 90-day follow-up were included.

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humeral fracture: comparison to open reduction-internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty.

Background: Significant controversy surrounds optimal treatment of displaced 4-part proximal humeral fractures. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has recently been proposed as an alternative to hemiarthroplasty (HA) and open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF). Several authors have questioned the additional implant cost for RTSA.

The prevalence of dengue virus in Brunei Darussalam during January-November 2010.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the prevalence of dengue virus from April 2010 to November 2010 in Brunei Darussalam. A total of 250 serum samples from dengue diagnosed patients were examined. All serum samples were tested for dengue IgM and IgG antibodies and dengue NS1 antigen using the PanBio dengue ELISA commercial kit.

Hunter screening design to understand the product variability of solid dispersion formulation of a peptide antibiotic.

The focus of present research was to understand and control the variability of solid dispersion (SD) formulation of non-ribosomal peptide antibiotic, vancomycin (VCM). Hunter screening design was constructed using seven independent variables namely melting temperature (X1), congealing temperature (X2), mixing time (X3), type of capsule shell (X4), filling method (X5), molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG, X6) and surfactant type (X7), and responses measured were cumulative percentage of VCM released in 45 min (Y1) and potency (Y2). The SD formulations were prepared by melt-fusion method, and tested for dissolution, potency, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and near infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI).

Ion-pair chromatography for simultaneous analysis of ethionamide and pyrazinamide from their porous microparticles.

Ethionamide (ETA) and pyrazinamide (PZA) are considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Current methods available in the literature for simultaneous determination of ETA and PZA have low sensitivity or involve column modifications with lipophilic cations. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and validated reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC method for simultaneous determination of ETA and PZA for the characterization of polymeric-based porous inhalable microparticles in in vitro and spiked human serum samples.

Ocular surface infections in northeastern state of malaysia: a 10-year review of bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Objective: Ocular surface infections that include infections of conjunctiva, adnexa, and cornea have the potential risk of causing blindness within a given population. Empirical antibiotic therapy is usually initiated based on epidemiological data of common causative agents. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the bacterial agents and their susceptibility patterns of isolates from ocular surface specimens in our hospital.

Oxytocin induced oxidative stress in lactating Bubalis bubalis (Nili Ravi).

Background: Oxytocin has been reported for a wide range of adverse effects in different species of lactating animals. The present study was aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of oxytocin on biomarkers of oxidative stress in buffaloes. Lactating buffaloes (n = 40) were randomly selected from a commercial dairy farm located in the peri-urban area of district Faisalabad, Pakistan and divided into two equal groups viz.

High risk human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 infection in the cervical lesions of women with epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear: A cytohistomorphologic association in Bangladeshi women.

Background: The aim of this study was to find out the extent of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) type 16/18 infection in the cervical tissue of women with epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear and to establish an association between hrHPV type 16/18 infection and cytohistomorphology.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 1699 patients who went through Pap smear examination. Prevalence of epithelial cell abnormality was calculated.

Chemometric evaluation of near infrared, fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopic models for the prediction of nimodipine polymorphs.

The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the chemometric model to predict the proportion of the recrystallized polymorphs of nimodipine from the cosolvent formulations. Ranging from 100% to 0% (w/w) of polymorph I, the two polymorphs mixtures were prepared and characterized spectroscopically using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and Raman spectroscopy. Instrumental responses were treated to construct multivariate calibration model using principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression approaches.

The first finding of chromosome variations in wild-born western hoolock gibbons.

Hoolock gibbons (genus Hoolock) are a group of very endangered primate species that belong to the small ape family (family Hylobatidae). The entire population that is distributed in the northeast and southeast of Bangladesh is estimated to include only around 350 individuals. A conservation program is thus necessary as soon as possible.

Predictors of early complications of total shoulder arthroplasty.

The authors hypothesized that age, body mass index (BMI), and medical comorbidities (graded with the Charleson Comorbidiy index [CCI]) could be used to predict early complications after TSA. The authors performed a retrospective review of primary TSAs with a minimum of 90-day follow-up. One hundred twenty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria.

Assessing the impact of nimodipine devitrification in the ternary cosolvent system through quality by design approach.

Nimodipine (NM) commercial formulation has been recalled due to drug crystallization in the product. Aim of present investigation was to systematically evaluate NM ternary cosolvents systems, characterize the crystallized drug and develop discriminating dissolution method that could detect the drug crystallization in the product. Mixture design was constructed using independent components namely water (X1), glycerin (X2) and polyethylene glycol 400 (X3, PEG-400).

Orally disintegrating tablet of novel salt of antiepileptic drug: formulation strategy and evaluation.

The aim of present research was to design and evaluate orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of novel lamotrigine-cyclamate salt. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was selected to design the optimized formulation. The independent factors selected were tablet hardness (X1), disintegrant (X2) and lubricant (X3) levels, and responses chosen were disintegration time (DT, Y1), friability (Y2), T50 (Y3), and T90 (Y4).

Effect of vitamins, protein level and probiotics on immune response of moulted male broiler breeders.

This study was planned to investigate the comparative effect of vitamins C (L-ascorbic acid), E (DL-α-tocopherol acetate), probiotics, lower than normal protein level (14%) and combination of these treatments on immune response of male broiler breeders after zinc-induced moulting. One hundred and eighty birds at the age of 65 weeks were induced to moult by mixing zinc oxide (ZnO) in feed at the rate 3000 IU/kg of feed. Upon completion of moulting, birds were divided into six groups (five replicates per group) in a completely randomized design and were fed vitamin C (500 IU/kg), vitamin E (100 IU/kg), lower protein level, probiotics (50 mg/l), and a combination of these components, while one group was kept as control.

The significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia in a low resource setting.

Introduction: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of micro-organisms that are increasingly implicated as a cause of significant infection and the leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). One important predictor of true BSI is the isolation of CoNS from multiple blood cultures, presuming that the isolates represent the same species. Thus the objective of this study was to determine the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.

Adaptation of a commonly used, chemically defined medium for human embryonic stem cells to stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture.

Metabolic labeling with stable isotopes is a prominent technique for comparative quantitative proteomics, and stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is the most commonly used approach. SILAC is, however, traditionally limited to simple tissue culture regimens and only rarely employed in the context of complex culturing conditions as those required for human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Classic hESC culture is based on the use of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as a feeder layer, and as a result, possible xenogeneic contamination, contribution of unlabeled amino acids by the feeders, interlaboratory variability of MEF preparation, and the overall complexity of the culture system are all of concern in conjunction with SILAC.

Dysregulation of miR-31 and miR-375 expression is associated with clinical outcomes in oral carcinoma.

Objectives: To identify differentially expressed miRNA between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and non-cancer (NC) and to associate these with clinico-pathological parameters.

Materials And Methods: miRNA microarray profiling was utilized to obtain the expression profile of miRNAs in four OSCC and four NC samples. The expression of miR-31 and miR-375 was further validated in 26 OSCC and three NC samples using real-time-PCR.

Nanometric gold in cancer nanotechnology: current status and future prospect.

Objectives: This review elaborate on modified gold nanoparticulate concept in oncology, provides an overview of the use of gold nanoparticles in cancer treatment and discusses their potential applications and clinical benefits.

Key Findings: Modified gold nanoparticles (e.g.

Omega-3 fatty acids as pharmacotherapeutics in psoriasis: current status and scope of nanomedicine in its effective delivery.

Psoriasis is a multifactorial autoimmune skin disorder based on irregularities of the T- cell function. The abnormal keratinocyte hyper proliferation in psoriasis arises due to the activation of T-cells which produces rich amount of arachidonic acid leads to generation of various proinflammatory mediators like PGs, LTs, cytokines and adhesion molecules via MAPK/AP-1, EARK1/2 and protein kinase-C (PKCs) activation pathways. Incorporation of naturally occuring bioactives like, omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (i.