A randomized controlled add-on trial of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy for help-seeking men with a sexual interest in children: presentation of the PARACHUTES trial protocol and initial feasibility data.

Background: Sexual Interest in Children (SIC) is a major risk factor for sexual offending, yet clinical trials are sparse. The present protocol outlines a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims to investigate the effectiveness of fluoxetine and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in help-seeking men with SIC.

Methods: Adult men contacting the Swedish telephone helpline PrevenTell are screened for inclusion and invited to further assessment on site.

Effects of Training in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Motivational Interviewing on Mental Health Practitioner Behaviour: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Effective training of mental health professionals is crucial for bridging the gap between research and practice when delivering cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing (MI) within community settings. However, previous research has provided inconclusive evidence regarding the impact of training efforts. The current study aimed to systematically search, review and synthesize the literature on CBT and MI training to assess its effect on practitioner behavioural outcomes.

Effects of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on use of child sexual abuse material: A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the Darknet.

Introduction: The use of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) is an international public health and child protection challenge.

Objective: To investigate whether Prevent It, a therapist-supported, internet-delivered, eight-week, cognitive behavioral therapy, reduces CSAM viewing among users.

Methods: We conducted a global online single-blind (participants), parallel-group, superiority, randomized, psychological placebo-controlled trial with a one-month follow-up, 2019-2021 (ISRCTN76841676).

Impact of physical and chemical parameters on square wave anodic stripping voltammetry for trace Pb detection in water.

Exposure to lead, a toxic heavy metal, in drinking water is a worldwide problem. Lead leaching from lead service lines, the main contamination source, and other plumbing materials is controlled by the plumbosolvency of water. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) has been greatly explored as a rapid and portable technique for the detection of trace Pb ions in drinking water.

Hydrophilic Micro- and Macroelectrodes with Antibiofouling Properties for Biomedical Applications.

Implantable neural electrodes are generally used to record the electrical activity of neurons and to stimulate neurons in the nervous system. Biofouling triggered by inflammatory responses can dramatically affect the performance of neural electrodes, resulting in decreased signal sensitivity and consistency over time. Thus, long-term clinical applications require electrically conducting electrode materials with reduced dimensions, high flexibility, and antibiofouling properties that can reduce the degree of inflammatory reactions and increase the lifetime of neural electrodes.

Pharmacological Treatment for Pedophilic Disorder and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Review.

Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of paraphilic disorders have historically been based on data from forensic settings and on risk levels for sexual crime. However, emerging treatment options are being evaluated for individuals experiencing distress because of their sexual urges and preferences, targeting both paraphilic disorders such as pedophilic disorder (PeD) and the new diagnosis of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) included in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). As in other mental disorders, this may enable individualized pharmacological treatment plans, taking into account components of sexuality (e.

Altered Neural and Behavioral Response to Sexually Implicit Stimuli During a Pictorial-Modified Stroop Task in Pedophilic Disorder.

Background: Pedophilic disorder (PD) entails sexual attraction to prepubertal children. A risk factor for committing child sexual abuse in PD is impaired cognitive control. However, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain unclear.

Complications and risk factors in vulvar cancer surgery - A population-based study.

Introduction: Primary surgery for vulvar cancer has become less radical in past decades. This study investigates risk factors and prevalence of short-and long-term complications after up-to-date vulvar cancer surgery.

Methods: Population-based cohort study of surgically treated primary vulvar cancer at a national center of vulvar cancer, assessing surgical outcome.

Effects of testosterone suppression on desire, hypersexuality, and sexual interest in children in men with pedophilic disorder.

Effects of testosterone withdrawal on significant correlates of paedophilic disorder (PeD) are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore in detail the effects of testosterone suppression from degarelix as compared to placebo on desire, hypersexuality, and subjectively experienced sexual interest in participants with PeD.We compared the sexual effects of degarelix, a GnRH antagonist, on men with PeD assigned to degarelix ( = 26) or placebo ( = 26) in a double-blind randomised clinical trial.

Impulsivity in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Pedophilic Disorder.

Background And Aims: Impulsivity is regarded as a risk factor for sexual crime reoffending, and a suggested core feature in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder. The aim of this study was to explore clinical (e.g.

Carbon Nanotube Microelectrode Set: Detection of Biomolecules to Heavy Metals.

An ultrasensitive electrochemical microelectrode set (μ-ES), where all three electrodes are made of highly densified carbon nanotube fiber (HD-CNTf) cross sections (length ∼40 μm), embedded in an inert polymer matrix, and exposed open-ended CNTs at the interface, is presented here. Bare open ends of HD-CNTf rods were used as the working (∼40 μm diameter) and counter (∼94 μm diameter) electrodes, while the cross section of a ∼94 μm diameter was electroplated with Ag/AgCl and coated with Nafion to employ as a quasi-reference electrode. The Ag/AgCl/Nafion-coated HD-CNTf rod quasi-reference electrode provided a very stable potential comparable to the commercial porous-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

Parts per trillion detection of heavy metals in as-is tap water using carbon nanotube microelectrodes.

Heavy metal contamination of drinking water is a major global issue. Research reports across the globe show contamination of heavy metals higher than the set standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To our knowledge, no electrochemical sensor for heavy metals with parts per trillion (PPT) limits of detection (LOD) in as-is tap water has been reported or developed.

Accuracy of computerized tomography in the preoperative evaluation of metastases in primary vulvar cancer - A population-based study.

Objective: To investigate the impact of a preoperative CT on surgical decision making in primary vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and the accuracy of detecting inguinal lymph node metastases (LNM). Secondly to assess prevalence and consequences of incidental findings and comorbidity using a CT.

Methods: This population-based study comprised of surgically treated patients with primary VSCC, at a regional tertiary center, using the Swedish Quality Registry for Gynecological Cancer for identification, and medical records were reviewed.

Brain structure and clinical profile point to neurodevelopmental factors involved in pedophilic disorder.

Objective: Pedophilic disorder (PD) is characterized bypersistent, intense sexual attraction to prepubertal children that the individual has acted on, or causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. Although prior research suggests that PD has neurodevelopmental underpinnings, the evidence remains sparse. To aid the understanding of etiology and treatment development, we quantified neurobiological and clinical correlates of PD.

Risk Factors for Sexual Offending in Self-Referred Men With Pedophilic Disorder: A Swedish Case-Control Study.

Background: The risk of child sexual abuse among non-forensic, non-correctional patients with Pedophilic Disorder (PD) is largely unknown.

Methods: We recruited a consecutive sample of 55 help-seeking, non-correctional adult men diagnosed with DSM-5 PD at a university-affiliated sexual medicine outpatient unit in Sweden. PD participants were compared with 57 age-matched, non-clinical control men on four literature-based dynamic risk domains and self-rated child sexual abuse risk.

True Picomolar Neurotransmitter Sensor Based on Open-Ended Carbon Nanotubes.

Neurotransmitters are important chemicals in human physiological systems for initiating neuronal signaling pathways and in various critical health illnesses. However, concentration of neurotransmitters in the human body is very low (nM or pM level) and it is extremely difficult to detect the fluctuation of their concentrations in patients using existing electrochemical biosensors. In this work, we report the performance of highly densified carbon nanotubes fiber (HD-CNT) cross-sections called rods (diameter ∼ 69 μm, and length ∼ 40 μm) as an ultrasensitive platform for detection of common neurotransmitters.

Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist on Risk of Committing Child Sexual Abuse in Men With Pedophilic Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence-based treatments from randomized clinical trials for pedophilic disorder are lacking.

Objective: To determine whether a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist reduces dynamic risk factors for committing child sexual abuse.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This academically initiated, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 randomized clinical trial was conducted at the ANOVA center in Stockholm, Sweden, from March 1, 2016, to April 30, 2019.

Brain change trajectories that differentiate the major psychoses.

Background: Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are highly heritable, often chronic and debilitating psychotic disorders that can be difficult to differentiate clinically. Their brain phenotypes appear to overlap in both cross-sectional and longitudinal structural neuroimaging studies, with some evidence to suggest areas of differentiation with differing trajectories. The aim of this review was to investigate the notion that longitudinal trajectories of alterations in brain structure could differentiate the two disorders.

A 16-year-old girl with anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis and family history of psychotic disorders.

Background: Autoimmune NMDA-R encephalitis (ANRE) shares clinical features with schizophrenia. Recent research also indicates that both disorders are associated with dysfunction of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDA-R) subunit 1.

Methods: We present the case of Ms A, 16 years old.

The functional anatomy of psychomotor disturbances in major depressive disorder.

Psychomotor disturbances (PMD) are a classic feature of depressive disorder that provides rich clinical information. The aim our narrative review was to characterize the functional anatomy of PMD by summarizing findings from neuroimaging studies. We found evidence across several neuroimaging modalities that suggest involvement of fronto-striatal neurocircuitry, and monoaminergic pathways and metabolism.

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia show association with amygdala volumes and neural activation during affective processing.

Objectives: Negative symptoms in schizophrenia have been associated with structural and functional alterations of the amygdala. We hypothesised that there would be between-group differences in amygdala volume and neural activation patterns during processing of affective stimuli among patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. We further hypothesised correlations between neuroimaging metrics and clinical ratings of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Functional and structural alterations in the cingulate motor area relate to decreased fronto-striatal coupling in major depressive disorder with psychomotor disturbances.

Psychomotor disturbances are a classic feature of major depressive disorders. These can manifest as lack of facial expressions and decreased speech production, reduced body posture and mobility, and slowed voluntary movement. The neural correlates of psychomotor disturbances in depression are poorly understood but it has been suggested that outputs from the cingulate motor area (CMA) to striatal motor regions, including the putamen, could be involved.