Evaluating the role of MEN1 gene expression and its clinical significance in breast cancer patients.

Background: Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease which involves number of molecular factors that are critically involved in proliferation of breast cancer cells. MEN1 gene that is traditionally known for its germline mutations in neuroendocrine tumors is associated with high risk of developing breast cancer in females with MEN1 syndrome. However, the paradoxical role of MEN1 is reported in sporadic breast cancer cases.

Mutation, methylation and expression analysis of LIFR gene in Indian breast cancer patients.

LIFR functions as a tumor suppressor and metastatic suppressor of breast cancer. The present study investigates the status of LIFR gene in Indian breast cancer patients. A total of 137 breast cancer tissue and 137 adjacent normal tissue which served as controls were analyzed for mutation by automated DNA sequencing, methylation through methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and its corresponding expression at mRNA and protein level using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry respectively in Indian breast cancer patients.

Ultrasound versus tactile cannulation in the treatment of proximal tubal obstruction.

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effects of cannulation guided by ultrasound or tactile sensation in women with proximal tubal obstruction.

Method: This prospective randomized study reports on outcomes for 50 women treated as outpatients, 25 by the ultrasound-guided method and 25 by the tactile sensation method.

Results: Of the 50 fallopian tubes in each group, 42 tubes (84%) were successfully cannulated by the ultrasound-guided method and 32 (64%) by the tactile sensation method; and of the 50 patients, 8 (16%) conceived in the 6 months following cannulation.