Validation of drug-nondrug choice procedure to model maladaptive behavioural allocation to opioid use in rats.

Increased allocation of behaviour to substance abuse at the expense of personal and social rewards is a hallmark of addiction that is reflected in several of DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis of substance use disorder. Previous studies focused on refining the self-administration (SA) model to better emulate an addictive state in laboratory animals. Here, we employed concurrent SA of sucrose pellets and morphine as two competing natural and drug rewards, respectively, to validate the feasibility of capturing pathological behavioural allocation in rats.

The support effect on the performance of a MOF-derived Co-based nano-catalyst in Fischer Tropsch synthesis.

The catalyst plays a central role in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process, and the choice of catalyst support significantly impacts FTS catalyst performance by enhancing its attributes. In this study, the effects of utilizing various metal oxides-CeO, ZrO, and TiO-on a cobalt-based FTS nanocatalyst are investigated by evaluating the catalyst's reducibility, stability, syngas chemisorption, intermediate species spillover, charge transfer, and metal-support interaction (MSI). This evaluation is conducted both theoretically and experimentally through diverse characterization tests and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Role of support bio-templating in Ni/AlO catalysts for hydrogen production via dry reforming of methane.

Bio-templating, a synthetic approach inspired by nature, is an emerging area in material engineering. In this study, waste leaves of Sycamore were utilized as a bio-template for producing alumina support to prepare catalyst. The performance of Ni and Ce impregnated on bio-templated alumina support was investigated in dry reforming of methane for the first time.

Influence of different skew angles of the submerged vane on pressure flushing performance.

Siltation significantly threatens a reservoir's original storage capacity and lifespan. Pressure flushing is an effective measure against siltation through the partial drawdown of the reservoir water level with limited flushed cone volumes in front of the bottom outlet. In this study, a novel configuration with submerged vanes has been proposed and tested experimentally to increase the flushed sediment volume during pressure flushing.

Recent advances and progress in biotemplate catalysts for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.

Complex structures and morphologies in nature endow materials with unexpected properties and extraordinary functions. Biotemplating is an emerging strategy for replicating nature structures to obtain materials with unique morphologies and improved properties. Recently, efforts have been made to use bio-inspired species as a template for producing morphology-controllable catalysts.

A multi-label CNN model for the automatic detection and segmentation of gliomas using [F]FET PET imaging.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the automatic detection and segmentation of gliomas using [F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine ([F]FET) PET.

Methods: Ninety-three patients (84 in-house/7 external) who underwent a 20-40-min static [F]FET PET scan were retrospectively included. Lesions and background regions were defined by two nuclear medicine physicians using the MIM software, such that delineations by one expert reader served as ground truth for training and testing the CNN model, while delineations by the second expert reader were used to evaluate inter-reader agreement.

Application of classical and novel integrated machine learning models to predict sediment discharge during free-flow flushing.

In this study, the capabilities of classical and novel integrated machine learning models were investigated to predict sediment discharge (Q) in free-flow flushing. Developed models include Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), and four hybrid forms of GMDH and Support Vector Regression (SVR) in combination with Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO) and Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithms. The number of 160 datasets that were applied to assess these models was extracted from the Janssen (PhD's Thesis, Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Protective Effect of L-Arginine in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease Induced by Intra-Hippocampal Injection of AlCl3.

Background And Objective: Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) can impair spatial memory recovery. We investigated the protective effect of L-arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), on memory retrieval in an Alzheimer's animal model induced by AlCl3 at intra-hippocampal CA1 using a seeking behavior practice.

Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were deeply anesthetized and cannulated at CA1 (AP: -3.

Cross-Modal Distillation to Improve MRI-Based Brain Tumor Segmentation With Missing MRI Sequences.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for brain tumor segmentation are generally developed using complete sets of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for both training and inference. As such, these algorithms are not trained for realistic, clinical scenarios where parts of the MRI sequences which were used for training, are missing during inference. To increase clinical applicability, we proposed a cross-modal distillation approach to leverage the availability of multi-sequence MRI data for training and generate an enriched CNN model which uses only single-sequence MRI data for inference but outperforms a single-sequence CNN model.

Probiotic Supplementation Improved Capecitabine Protective Effect against Gastric Cancer Growth in Male BALB/c Mice.

The gastric cancer (GC) is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Herein, we studied the effects of probiotics () on subcutaneous implantation of xenograft GC. Moreover, the effect of probiotics () was compared with the capecitabine drug as known used drug against GC.

Electrocardiogram interpretation competency among emergency nurses and emergency medical service (EMS) personnel: A cross-sectional and comparative descriptive study.

Aims: The aim of this research study was to compare electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation competency among emergency nurses and EMS personnel.

Design: A cross-sectional comparative descriptive study design was used.

Methods: This study recruited 170 participants (105 emergency nurses and 65 EMS personnel) in northwest of Iran.

Applying ultrasonic fields to separate water contained in medium-gravity crude oil emulsions and determining crude oil adhesion coefficients.

Separating produced water is a key part of production processing for most crude oils. It is required for quality reasons, and to avoid unnecessary transportation costs and prevent pipework corrosion rates caused by soluble salts present in the water. A complicating factor is that water is often present in crude oil in the form of emulsions.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in the central amygdala protect the rat conditioned by morphine from withdrawal attack due to naloxone via high-level nitric oxide.

Repeated injection of morphine during conditioned place preference (CPP) leads to spatial craving due to high-level nitric oxide (NO) in the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA). Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can produce oxygen-free radicals that lead to NO formation. We aimed to show the Ag-NPs protective effect on naloxone (NLX)-induced morphine withdrawal in the conditioned rats.

MOF assistance synthesis of nanoporous double-shelled CuCoO hollow spheres for hybrid supercapacitors.

Design of complex hollow nanostructures of two or more transition metal oxides seems to be necessary to answer the demand for novel energy storage electrodes owning outstanding performance for advanced developments of modern electronics. Herein, we develop a metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) assistance self-templated method for the synthesis of double-shell CuCoO hollow spheres as battery-type electrode material with a large surface area of 93 m g. This electrode material reveals excellent electrochemical performance with an ultrahigh specific capacity of 701 C g at 2 A g.

Degradation of crystal violet in water solution using post discharge DBD plasma treatment: Factorial design experiment and modeling.

In this study, highly oxidative ozone species, generated through dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, were used to decolorize crystal violet (CV) in aqueous solutions. The solution was exposed to a post-discharge plasma with a mixture of oxygen and argon as carrier gas. The exhaust plasma gas was brought into contact with the solution to be treated in a bubbler by the post discharge configuration.

Team communication patterns in emergency resuscitation: a mixed methods qualitative analysis.

Background: In order to enhance patient safety during resuscitation of critically ill patients, we need to optimize team communication and enhance team situational awareness but little is known about resuscitation team communication patterns. The objective of this study is to understand how teams communicate during resuscitation; specifically to assess for a shared mental model (organized understanding of a team's relationships) and information needs.

Methods: We triangulated 3 methods to evaluate resuscitation team communication at a tertiary care academic trauma center: (1) interviews; (2) simulated resuscitation observations; (3) live resuscitation observations.

P wave detection in ECG signals using an extended Kalman filter: an evaluation in different arrhythmia contexts.

Monitoring atrial activity via P waves, is an important feature of the arrhythmia detection procedure. The aim of this paper is to present an algorithm for P wave detection in normal and some abnormal records by improving existing methods in the field of signal processing. In contrast to the classical approaches, which are completely blind to signal dynamics, our proposed method uses the extended Kalman filter, EKF25, to estimate the state variables of the equations modeling the dynamic of an ECG signal.

Supported Pd-Au Membrane Reactor for Hydrogen Production: Membrane Preparation, Characterization and Testing.

A supported Pd-Au (Au 7wt%) membrane was produced by electroless plating deposition. Permeation tests were performed with pure gas (H₂, H₂, N₂, CO₂, CH₄) for long time operation. After around 400 h under testing, the composite Pd-Au membrane achieved steady state condition, with an H₂/N₂ ideal selectivity of around 500 at 420 °C and 50 kPa as transmembrane pressure, remaining stable up to 1100 h under operation.

Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses of Gammaproteobacterial glg genes traced the origin of the Escherichia coli glycogen glgBXCAP operon to the last common ancestor of the sister orders Enterobacteriales and Pasteurellales.

Production of branched α-glucan, glycogen-like polymers is widely spread in the Bacteria domain. The glycogen pathway of synthesis and degradation has been fairly well characterized in the model enterobacterial species Escherichia coli (order Enterobacteriales, class Gammaproteobacteria), in which the cognate genes (branching enzyme glgB, debranching enzyme glgX, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase glgC, glycogen synthase glgA, and glycogen phosphorylase glgP) are clustered in a glgBXCAP operon arrangement. However, the evolutionary origin of this particular arrangement and of its constituent genes is unknown.

A rare case report: SCARF syndrome.

SCARF syndrome is a very rare syndrome that so far only two cases have been reported in the papers. In this article, a 3-month-old female who exhibited SCARF syndrome presented with multiple congenital abnormalities and problems at Imam Hossein hospital of Shahroud.

Systematic production of inactivating and non-inactivating suppressor mutations at the relA locus that compensate the detrimental effects of complete spot loss and affect glycogen content in Escherichia coli.

In Escherichia coli, ppGpp is a major determinant of growth and glycogen accumulation. Levels of this signaling nucleotide are controlled by the balanced activities of the ppGpp RelA synthetase and the dual-function hydrolase/synthetase SpoT. Here we report the construction of spoT null (ΔspoT) mutants obtained by transducing a ΔspoT allele from ΔrelAΔspoT double mutants into relA+ cells.

Nitric oxide in central amygdala potentiates expression of conditioned withdrawal induced by morphine.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate if nitric oxide (NO) in the central amygdala (CeA) is involved in the expression of withdrawal aspects induced by morphine.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) were bilaterally cannulated in the CeA and conditioned to morphine using an unbiased paradigm. Morphine (2.