Thermal Processes in Bile Ducts During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Monopolar Instruments. Experimental Study Using Real-Time Intraluminal and Surface Thermography.

A significant rate of complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) occurs due to thermal injury caused by monopolar electrosurgery (MES) equipment. Most of them manifest weeks and months after surgery with the common bile duct (CBD) and large duodenal papilla strictures, some in the early postoperative period with bile leaks. To study thermal processes occurring in the lumen and on the surface of the bile ducts during monopolar coagulation in a porcine model of LC.