Role of histological findings and pathologic diagnosis for detection of human papillomavirus infection in men.

Early HPV infection in males is difficult to detect clinically and pathologically. This study assessed histopathology in diagnosing male genital HPV. External genital lesions (n = 352) were biopsied, diagnosed by a dermatopathologist, and HPV genotyped.

STIM1- and Orai1-mediated Ca(2+) oscillation orchestrates invadopodium formation and melanoma invasion.

Ca(2+) signaling has been increasingly implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis, and yet, the underlying mechanisms remained largely unknown. In this paper, we report that STIM1- and Orai1-mediated Ca(2+) oscillations promote melanoma invasion by orchestrating invadopodium assembly and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Ca(2+) oscillation signals facilitate invadopodial precursor assembly by activating Src.

Senescent fibroblasts in melanoma initiation and progression: an integrated theoretical, experimental, and clinical approach.

We present an integrated study to understand the key role of senescent fibroblasts in driving melanoma progression. Based on the hybrid cellular automata paradigm, we developed an in silico model of normal skin. The model focuses on key cellular and microenvironmental variables that regulate interactions among keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts, key components of the skin.

GSK3β inhibition blocks melanoma cell/host interactions by downregulating N-cadherin expression and decreasing FAK phosphorylation.

This study addresses the role of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β signaling in the tumorigenic behavior of melanoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed GSK3β to be focally expressed in the invasive portions of 12 and 33% of primary and metastatic melanomas, respectively. GSK3 inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of GSK3β were found to inhibit the motile behavior of melanoma cells in scratch wound, three-dimensional collagen-implanted spheroid, and modified Boyden chamber assays.

Recent advances in pathologic evaluation and reporting of melanoma.

Recent changes to the staging of melanoma, coupled with advances in surgical and medical treatment, have resulted in new methods for diagnostic evaluation and reporting of melanocytic lesions by pathologists. This review provides an update on recent changes in evaluation and reporting of primary melanoma, evaluation of regional lymph nodes, especially sentinel nodes, and the workup of distant metastatic melanoma specimens. A brief summary of commercially available molecular diagnostic techniques and their application to practice is included.

CD4/CD8 dual-positive mycosis fungoides: a previously unrecognized variant.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a primary cutaneous lymphoma characterized by atypical T-lymphocytes that usually presents as patches and plaques on photoprotected areas of the body, such as the groin and buttocks. Classically, the atypical lymphocytes in MF are CD3/CD4 positive with loss of CD7 and less often loss of CD5. In a minority of cases, the atypical infiltrate is CD8 positive.

Cutaneous manifestations in CMML: Indication of disease acceleration or transformation to AML and review of the literature.

Our retrospective analysis explored the role of leukemia cutis (LC) in disease progression of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Of 108 patients with CMML, 11 patients (10.2%) had LC including its equivalent (2 patients).

Discordant omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex and cardiac malformations in monochorionic twins.

The omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex was first described by Carey et al. in 1978. It constitutes a specific combination of malformations.

Expression of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (P504S) in sebaceous neoplasms.

Background: Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), also known as P504S, is a protein that plays an important role in mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acid and bile acid intermediates. AMACR has been established as a valuable diagnostic marker for prostate cancer and has recently been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Despite the importance of lipid metabolism in sebum production by sebaceous glands of the skin, there are no studies evaluating the expression of AMACR in sebaceous neoplasms.

Bif-1 and Bax expression in cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma.

Background: Bax-interacting factor-1 (Bif-1) binds to Bax, which in turn activates this proapoptotic protein. In the absence of Bif-1, the ability to induce apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway is greatly reduced. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) classically shows an aggressive behavior and lack of response to chemotherapy, which remains unexplained.

CD117 immunoreactivity in atypical fibroxanthoma.

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a spindle cell neoplasm of the skin seen typically on sun-damaged skin of the elderly. Though described as a benign entity, local recurrence and distant metastasis have been reported. This study aims to investigate the potential pathogenic role of CD117, the c-kit receptor in AFX.

Purple penile papules.

Molluscum contagiosum may present in a variety of clinical and pathologic guises. We present the clinicopathologic features of an unusual case that initially was misinterpreted as bowenoid papulosis. The relevant histologic attributes of this case include the presence of a violaceous hyperplastic squamous epithelium adjacent to the infected keratinocytes.

Dermal atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma obfuscated by epidermal inclusion cyst: a wolf in sheep's clothing?

Epidermal inclusion cysts are an exceedingly common entity seldom seen in association with a malignant tumor. Herein, we report a unique case of an epithelial inclusion cyst seen in association with an atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma. The epidermal inclusion cyst was delimited to the dermis and circumferentially enveloped by an atypical adipocyte tumor containing myxoid foci and comprised of lipoblasts.