Cellular and molecular aspects of drug resistance in cancers.

Objectives: Cancer drug resistance is a multifaceted phenomenon. The present review article aims to comprehensively analyze the cellular and molecular aspects of drug resistance in cancer and the strategies employed to overcome it.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using appropriate key words.

TRPV4-mediated Mechanotransduction Regulates the Differentiation of Valvular Interstitial Cells to Myofibroblasts: Implications for Aortic Stenosis.

As aortic valve stenosis (AVS) progresses, the valve tissue also stiffens. This increase in tissue stiffness causes the valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to transform into myofibroblasts in response. VIC-to-myofibroblast differentiation is critically involved in the development of AVS.

TRPV4 channel contributes to aortic root stiffening and atherosclerotic lesion development.

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the developed world and atherosclerosis, a chronic arterial disease, is the most dominant underlying pathology. Epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that arterial stiffness is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, there has been surprisingly limited development in mechanistic understanding of the generation of arterial stiffness and little progress in understanding the mechanisms by which matrix stiffening drives the development of atherosclerosis.

Mechanisms underlying TRPV4-mediated regulation of miR-146a expression.

Persistent inflammation is a major contributor in the development of various inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis. Our study investigates how transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel, interacts with microRNA-146a (miR-146a), within the context of inflammation and atherosclerosis. Micro-RNAs play a critical role in controlling gene expression, and miR-146a is notable for its anti-inflammatory actions.

Supragingival Bacterium Oral Infection-Induced Periodontitis and Robust miRNA Expression Kinetics.

(, Sg) is one of the early colonizing, supragingival commensal bacterium normally associated with oral health in human dental plaque. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the inflammation-mediated pathways and are involved in periodontal disease (PD) pathogenesis. PD is a polymicrobial dysbiotic immune-inflammatory disease initiated by microbes in the gingival sulcus/pockets.

Flash heating process for efficient meat preservation.

Maintaining food safety and quality is critical for public health and food security. Conventional food preservation methods, such as pasteurization and dehydration, often change the overall organoleptic quality of the food products. Herein, we demonstrate a method that affects only a thin surface layer of the food, using beef as a model.

An update on the development on tubulin inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors.

Introduction: Microtubules play a vital role in cancer therapeutics. They are implicated in tumorigenesis, thus inhibiting tubulin polymerization in cancer cells, and have now become a significant target for anticancer drug development. A plethora of drug molecules has been crafted to influence microtubule dynamics and presently, numerous tubulin inhibitors are being investigated.

Mechanisms underlying TRPV4-mediated regulation of miR-146a expression.

Persistent inflammation is a major contributor in the development of various inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis. Our study investigates how transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel, interacts with microRNA-146a (miR-146a), within the context of inflammation and atherosclerosis. Micro-RNAs play a critical role in controlling gene expression, and miR-146a is notable for its anti-inflammatory actions.

Avocado-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with ginkgetin and berberine prevent inflammation and macrophage foam cell formation.

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of aorta, remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality among cardiovascular disease patients. Macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation are critically involved in early stages of atherosclerosis, hence chemopreventive targeting of foam cell formation by nutraceuticals may be a promising approach to curbing the progression of atherosclerosis. However, many nutraceuticals including berberine and ginkgetin have low stability, tissue/cell penetration and bioavailability resulting in inadequate chemotherapeutic effects of these nutraceuticals.

Thymidine Phosphorylase Promotes the Formation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice Fed a Western Diet.

Aims: The precise molecular drivers of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remain unclear. Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) contributes to increased platelet activation, thrombosis, and inflammation, all of which are key factors in AAA development. Additionally, TYMP suppresses the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are central to the development and progression of AAA.

Mechanosensing and Mechanosignal Transduction in Atherosclerosis.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to summarize the latest findings on mechanosensing in atherosclerosis, elucidating the molecular mechanisms, cellular players, and potential therapeutic targets.

Recent Findings: Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaque within arterial walls, is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease-related mortality and morbidity. Interestingly, atherosclerosis predominantly occurs in arterial areas with curves and branches.

Binder-free NiO/CuO hybrid structure via ULPING (Ultra-short Laser Pulse for In-situ Nanostructure Generation) technique for supercapacitor electrode.

Developing a cost-effective pseudocapacitor electrode manufacturing process incorporating binder-free, green synthesis methods and single-step fabrication is crucial in advancing supercapacitor research. This study aims to address this pressing issue and contribute to the ongoing efforts in the field by introducing ULPING (Ultra-short Laser Pulse for In-situ Nanostructure Generation) technique for effective design. Laser irradiation was conducted in ambient conditions to form a CuO/NiO hybrid structure providing a synergistic contribution to the electrical behavior of the electrode.

Specific microRNA Signature Kinetics in -Induced Periodontitis.

is one of the major bacteria constituting the subgingival pathogenic polymicrobial milieu during periodontitis. Our objective is to determine the global microRNA (miRNA, miR) expression kinetics in 8- and 16-weeks duration of infection in C57BL/6J mice and to identify the miRNA signatures at specific time-points in mice. We evaluated differential expression (DE) miRNAs in mandibles ( = 10) using high-throughput NanoString nCounter miRNA expression panels.

Impact of Lactobacillus-originated metabolites on enterohemorrhagic E. coli in rumen fluid.

Rumen is one of the richest microbial ecosystems naturally harboring many zoonotic pathogens. Controlling the colonization of cattle originated zoonotic pathogens in rumen, particularly enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), is critical in reducing foodborne enteric diseases in humans. In this study, we aimed to inhibit the growth of EHEC in a simulated rumen system with collected rumen fluids (RFs) using live probiotics, synbiotics, and their metabolites.

Role of mechanosensitive channels/receptors in atherosclerosis.

Mechanical forces are critical physical cues that can affect numerous cellular processes regulating the development, tissue maintenance, and functionality of cells. The contribution of mechanical forces is especially crucial in the vascular system where it is required for embryogenesis and for maintenance of physiological function in vascular cells including aortic endothelial cells, resident macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. Emerging evidence has also identified a role of these mechanical cues in pathological conditions of the vascular system such as atherosclerosis and associated diseases like hypertension.

Mechanosensing by TRPV4 mediates stiffness-induced foreign body response and giant cell formation.

Implantation of biomaterials or devices into soft tissue often leads to the development of the foreign body response (FBR), an inflammatory condition that can cause implant failure, tissue injury, and death of the patient. Macrophages accumulate and fuse to generate destructive foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) at the tissue-implant interface, leading to the development of fibrous scar tissue around the implant that is generated by myofibroblasts. We previously showed that the FBR in vivo and FBGC formation in vitro require transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel.

Identification and functional analysis of a biflavone as a novel inhibitor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4-dependent atherogenic processes.

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of large arteries, is the major contributor to the growing burden of cardiovascular disease-related mortality and morbidity. During early atherogenesis, as a result of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, monocytes transmigrate into the aortic intimal areas, and differentiate into lipid-laden foam cells, a critical process in atherosclerosis. Numerous natural compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties.

TRPV4 Plays a Role in Matrix Stiffness-Induced Macrophage Polarization.

Phenotypic polarization of macrophages is deemed essential in innate immunity and various pathophysiological conditions. We have now determined key aspects of the molecular mechanism by which mechanical cues regulate macrophage polarization. We show that Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel, mediates substrate stiffness-induced macrophage polarization.

A Quality by Design Approach of Metronidazole Bigel and Assessment of Antimicrobial Study Utilizing Box-behnken Design.

Objective: The present investigation aimed to prepare metronidazole (MTZ) topical bigel for the effective delivery of MTZ and to study the effect of applied variables as per statistical design. The study also signifies the implementation of the statistical method using the Quality by Design technique for MTZ bigel.

Methods: The MTZ bigels were prepared as per the runs suggested by Box Behnken design (BBD) using statistical software.