Assessment of enamel surface roughness and hardness with metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets using different etching and adhesive systems: An study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate enamel surface roughness and microhardness following the use of different bracket materials (metal or ceramic), etchants (total- and self-etchants), and adhesive systems (precoated or flash-free).

Method: A total of 99 extracted human premolars were selected for the analysis. The surface roughness was first assessed (roughness control).