The Impact of Early Robotics Education on Students' Understanding of Coding, Robotics Design, and Interest in Computing Careers.

Early robotics education has been sparsely researched, especially for children in elementary education. This research pertains to an early education study that introduced robotics design and programming to children in early education with the purpose of increasing their robotics design knowledge, improving their coding skills, and inspiring their aspirations for future careers. It represents a seven-year study of students ages seven through ten years in a large urban school district.

What Is the Exact Contribution of and Genes in Clubfoot Development? An Italian Study.

Congenital clubfoot is a common pediatric malformation that affects approximately 0.1% of all births. 80% of the cases appear isolated, while 20% can be secondary or associated with complex syndromes.

Autonomous diagnosis of pediatric cutaneous vascular anomalies using a convolutional neural network.

Objectives: Design and validate a novel handheld device for the autonomous diagnosis of pediatric vascular anomalies using a convolutional neural network (CNN).

Study Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study of medical images. Computer aided design and 3D printed manufacturing.

The Genetic Diagnosis of Ultrarare DEEs: An Ongoing Challenge.

Epileptic encephalopathies (EEs) and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of severe early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). In recent years, next-generation equencing (NGS) technologies enabled the discovery of numerous genes involved in these conditions. However, more than 50% of patients remained undiagnosed.

Long-Term Personalization of an In-Home Socially Assistive Robot for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Socially assistive robots (SAR) have shown great potential to augment the social and educational development of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). As SAR continues to substantiate itself as an effective enhancement to human intervention, researchers have sought to study its longitudinal impacts in real-world environments, including the home. Computational personalization stands out as a central computational challenge as it is necessary to enable SAR systems to adapt to each child's unique and changing needs.

Pyridinyl- and pyridazinyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-anilines: Novel selective ligands with subnanomolar affinity for αβ nACh receptors.

The cholinergic pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) of animals and humans are important for cognitive and behavioural functions. Until a few years ago, it was thought that the key molecules transducing the cholinergic message were the metabotropic muscarinic receptors, but it is now known that ionotropic neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) are also involved. Based on recent studies, we prepared a small library of novel 3-substituted-3,6-diazabicyclo [3.

Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Docking Studies of Novel Pyridazinone-Based Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Ligands.

In recent years, cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB R) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in a wide variety of diseases. Selective ligands of CB R are devoid of the psychoactive effects typically observed for CB R ligands. Based on our recent studies on a class of pyridazinone 4-carboxamides, further structural modifications of the pyridazinone core were made to better investigate the structure-activity relationships for this promising scaffold with the aim to develop potent CB R ligands.

Virtual Sprouts: A Virtual Gardening Pilot Intervention Increases Self-Efficacy to Cook and Eat Fruits and Vegetables in Minority Youth.

Objective: To examine the effect of the Virtual Sprouts intervention, an interactive multiplatform mobile gardening game, on dietary intake and psychosocial determinants of dietary behavior in minority youth.

Materials And Methods: In this quasi-experimental pilot intervention, 180 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students in Los Angeles Unified School District participated in a 3-week program that included three Virtual Sprouts gaming sessions, three in-school lessons, and three in-home activities, using a nutrition- and gardening-focused curriculum. Pre- and postintervention questionnaires were used to assess psychosocial determinants of dietary behavior, including knowledge about and self-efficacy to eat fruits and vegetables (FV).

Novel sulfenamides and sulfonamides based on pyridazinone and pyridazine scaffolds as CB receptor ligand antagonists.

A series of sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for the affinity at CB and CB receptors. The N-bornyl-S-(5,6-di-p-tolylpyridazin-3-yl)-sulfenamide, compound 11, displayed good affinity and high selectivity for CB receptors (K values of 44.6 nM for CB receptors and >40 μM for CB receptors, respectively).

New pyridazinone-4-carboxamides as new cannabinoid receptor type-2 inverse agonists: Synthesis, pharmacological data and molecular docking.

In the last few years, cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CBR) selective ligands have shown a great potential as novel therapeutic drugs in several diseases. With the aim of discovering new selective cannabinoid ligands, a series of pyridazinone-4-carboxamides was designed and synthesized, and the new derivatives tested for their affinity toward the hCBR and hCBR. The 6-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N-(cis-4-methylcyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carboxamide (9) displayed high CB-affinity (KCB = 2.

Preliminary Validation of a Parent-Child Relational Framework for Teaching Developmental Assessment to Pediatric Residents.

Objective: A parent-child relational framework was used as a method to train pediatric residents in basic knowledge and observation skills for the assessment of child development. Components of the training framework and its preliminary validation as an alternative to milestone-based approaches are described.

Methods: Pediatric residents were trained during a 4-week clinical rotation to use a semistructured interview and observe parent-child behavior during health visits using clinical criteria for historical information and observed behavior that reflect developmental change in the parent-child relationship.

Asthma Control Test and Bronchial Challenge with Exercise in Pediatric Asthma.

Background: Poor asthma control can lead to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), but the relationship between subjective disease control and EIB is unclear. No studies have compared asthma control test (ACT) scores of children with those of their parents regarding EIB. We assessed whether ACT scores predict the occurrence of EIB in two age groups.

Design of novel 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives with potent and selective affinities for α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

New analogues (3a-l) of the previously described α4β2 selective ligand 3-(6-halopyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (2a,b) have been synthesized and their binding activity for neuronal acetylcholine receptor subtypes α4β2 and α7 were assayed.

Innovations in the Use of Interactive Technology to Support Weight Management.

New and emerging mobile technologies are providing unprecedented possibilities for understanding and intervening on obesity-related behaviors in real time. However, the mobile health (mHealth) field has yet to catch up with the fast-paced development of technology. Current mHealth efforts in weight management still tend to focus mainly on short message systems (SMS) interventions, rather than taking advantage of real-time sensing to develop just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs).

Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and docking studies of pyrrole structure-based CB2 receptor antagonists.

During the last years, there has been a continuous interest in the development of cannabinoid receptor ligands that may serve as therapeutic agents and/or as experimental tools. This prompted us to design and synthesize analogues of the CB2 receptor antagonist N-fenchyl-5-(4-chloro-3-methyl-phenyl)-1-(4-methyl-benzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR144528). The structural modifications involved the bioisosteric replacement of the pyrazole ring by a pyrrole ring and variations on the amine carbamoyl substituents.

Chronic granulomatous disease mimicking early-onset Crohn's disease with cutaneous manifestations.

Background: Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder of the innate immune system. In patients with a clinical history of recurrent or persistent infections, especially infections caused by uncommon species, chronic granulomatous disease should be considered.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with a presumptive diagnosis of Crohn's disease with extraintestinal manifestations.

Total nucleated cells as a sole predictor of distinct targets of hematopoietic potential (CD34+ cells) in cord blood units: the results of a large series analysis in autologous cord blood units.

Background: Rapid identification of eligible cord blood units (CBUs) for banking is an important issue in hematopoietic stem cell procurement. Distinct contents of CD34+ cells in CBU can contribute to identify grafts that may be banked also for unrelated transplants or limited to family-directed or autologous use.

Study Design And Methods: Considering thresholds of CD34+ cell content of 3 × 10(6) , 2 × 10(6) , and 1 × 10(6) CD34+ cells, we analyzed a consecutive series of 1309 CBUs.

The evaluation of adenoid hypertrophy and obstruction grading based on rhinomanometry after nasal decongestant test in children.

Objectives: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a very common problem in children. Nasal Fiberoptic Endoscopy (NFE) represents the gold standard method to diagnose AH. Rhinomanometry represents a valid diagnostic support.

Tandem mass spectrometry, but not T-cell receptor excision circle analysis, identifies newborns with late-onset adenosine deaminase deficiency.

Background: Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is caused by genetic variants that disrupt the function of ADA. In its early-onset form, it is rapidly fatal to infants. Delayed or late-onset ADA-SCID is characterized by insidious progressive immunodeficiency that leads to permanent organ damage or death.

Influence of cartilage and menisci on the sagittal slope of the tibial plateaus.

We analyzed the magnetic resonance studies of the knee in 80 subjects, 45 men and 35 women with a mean age of 38.9 years, who showed no pathological condition of the joint. Using an imaging visualization software, the sagittal longitudinal axis of the tibia was identified.

The role of rhinomanometry after nasal decongestant test in the assessment of adenoid hypertrophy in children.

Introduction: Nasal respiratory obstruction is a very common otolaryngologic problem, often caused by adenoid hypertrophy (AH). Nasal fiberoptic endoscopy (NFE) represents the gold standard method to diagnose AH. Rhinomanometry represents a valid diagnostic support.

Molecular profiles of IgE to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy: implications for specific immunotherapy.

Background: The so-called component-resolved immunotherapy of allergies proposes an immunization tailored to the molecular sensitization profiles of individual patients.

Objectives: We sought (1) to investigate the profiles of IgE sensitization to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy and (2) to define the compatibility of these profiles with a mixture of recombinant allergenic molecules of P pratense previously proposed for specific immunotherapy.

Methods: We examined 200 children (age, 4-18 years; 126 boys) with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or both ascertained through validated questionnaires.

Virtual reality applications for addressing the needs of those aging with disability.

As persons with disabilities age, progressive declines in health and medical status can challenge the adaptive resources required to maintain functional independence and quality of life [1]. These challenges are further compounded by economic factors, medication side effects, loss of a spouse or caregiver, and psychosocial disorders [1-2]. With the gradual loss of functional independence and increased reliance on others for transportation, access to general medical and rehabilitation care can be jeopardized [2].

Identifying the indications for laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy: a prospective, randomised comparison with abdominal hysterectomy in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids.

Objective: To compare laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in patients with uterine fibroids.

Design: A prospective randomised study.

Setting: The San Paolo Hospital, Milan.