Recent synthetic strategies for the functionalization of fused bicyclic heteroaromatics using organo-Li, -Mg and -Zn reagents.

This review highlights the use of functionalized organo-Li, -Mg and -Zn reagents for the construction and selective functionalization of 5- and 6-membered fused bicyclic heteroaromatics. Special attention is given to the discussion of advanced syntheses for the preparation of highly functionalized heteroaromatic scaffolds, including quinolines, naphthyridines, indoles, benzofurans, benzothiophenes, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, benzopyrimidines, anthranils, thienothiophenes, purine coumarins, chromones, quinolones and phthalazines and their fused heterocyclic derivatives. The organometallic reagents used for the desired functionalizations of these scaffolds are generally prepared using the following methods: (i) through directed selective metalation reactions (DoM), (ii) by means of halogen/metal exchange reactions, (iii) through oxidative metal insertions (Li, Mg, Zn), and (iv) by transmetalation reactions (organo-Li and Mg transmetalations with ZnCl or ZnO(Piv)).

Bipolar Supercapacitive Performance of N-Containing Carbon Materials Derived from Covalent Triazine-Based Framework.

The search for new electrode materials for bipolar-supercapacitor performance is the intention of numerous research in the area of functional framework materials. Among various electrode materials, covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) are in the spotlight drawing much attention as potential electrode material for energy storage owing to their tunable surface area, pore size distribution, and heteroatom content. Herein, we present the synthesis of nitrogen-functionalized CTFs marked as CTF-Py-600 and CTF-Py-700 with high nitrogen content (18 % and 14 %, respectively) for supercapacitor application by applying the 2,6-dicyanopyridine monomer via the polymerization reaction under ionothermal condition.

Layer-by-Layer Assembly of CTAB-rGO-Modified MXene Hybrid Films as Multifunctional Electrodes for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Evolution Reactions, Supercapacitors, and DMFC Applications.

Exceptional electrical conductivity and abundance of surface terminations like-F- and OH- leading to hydrophilicity make the family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides and carbonitrides (MXene) excellent candidates for energy storage and conversion applications. MXenes, however, undergo restacking of nanosheets via van der Waals interaction, hindering the active sites, leading to slow electronic and ionic kinetics, and ultimately affecting their electrochemical performance. Herein, we report binder-free cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-reduced graphene oxide (CTAB-rGO)-modified MXene hybrid films on nickel foam as a promising noble metal-free multifunctional electrode synthesized via layer-by-layer assembly and dip coating techniques, which effectively reduce restacking while improving the kinetics.

A comprehensive review on the electrochemical parameters and recent material development of electrochemical water splitting electrocatalysts.

Electrochemical splitting of water is an appealing solution for energy storage and conversion to overcome the reliance on depleting fossil fuel reserves and prevent severe deterioration of the global climate. Though there are several fuel cells, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) fuel cells have zero carbon emissions, and water is the only by-product. Countless researchers worldwide are working on the fundamentals, the parameters affecting the electrocatalysis of water splitting and electrocatalysts that could improve the performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall simplify the water electrolysis process.

One-pot green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extract for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

Nanostructured Zinc oxide (ZnO) materials have attained exciting research interests among various metal oxide nanoparticles due to their unique features. Thus, the scope of applications for ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is vast and efficient. The current study demonstrates a simple and environmental-friendly approach for the synthesis of ZnO NPs using the extract of the .

A Road Map toward Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection.

Field effect transistor (FET)-based nanoelectronic biosensor devices provide a viable route for specific and sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers, which can be used for early stage cancer detection, monitoring the progress of the disease, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapies. On the road to implementation of FET-based devices in cancer diagnostics, several key issues need to be addressed: sensitivity, selectivity, operational conditions, anti-interference, reusability, reproducibility, disposability, large-scale production, and economic viability. To address these well-known issues, significant research efforts have been made recently.

Recent Advances in the Practical Synthesis of C1 Deuterated Aromatic Aldehydes Enabled by Catalysis and Beyond.

C -selective deuteration of aromatic aldehydes is of great importance for isotopic labeling and for improving the characteristics of drug molecules. Due to the recent increase in the use of deuterated pharmacological drugs, there is a pressing need for synthetic procedures that are efficient to produce deuterated aromatic aldehyde analouges. Deuterium labeling approaches are typically used as an effective tool for researching pharmaceutical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

Role of nanotechnology in facing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Solving crux of the matter with a hopeful arrow in the quiver.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species with a zoonotic origin and responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). This novel virus has an extremely high infectious rate, which occurs through the contact of contaminated surfaces and also by cough, sneeze, hand-to-mouth-to-eye contact with an affected person. The progression of infection, which goes beyond complications of pneumonia to affecting other physiological functions which cause gastrointestinal, Renal, and neurological complication makes this a life threatening condition.

Effects of Thin-Film Thickness on Sensing Properties of SnO₂-Based Gas Sensors for the Detection of H₂S Gas at ppm Levels.

SnO₂ thin-film gas sensors were easily created using the ion sputtering technique. The as-deposited SnO₂ thin films consist of a tetragonal SnO₂ phase and densely packed nanosized grains with diameters of approximately 20-80 nm, which are separated by microcracks. The as-deposited SnO₂ thin film is well crystallized, with a dense columnar nanostructure grown directly onto the alumina material and the Pt electrodes.

Improvement of H2S sensing properties of SnO2-based thick film gas sensors promoted with MoO3 and NiO.

The effects of the SnO2 pore size and metal oxide promoters on the sensing properties of SnO2-based thick film gas sensors were investigated to improve the detection of very low H2S concentrations (<1 ppm). SnO2 sensors and SnO2-based thick-film gas sensors promoted with NiO, ZnO, MoO3, CuO or Fe2O3 were prepared, and their sensing properties were examined in a flow system. The SnO2 materials were prepared by calcining SnO2 at 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 °C to give materials identified as SnO2(600), SnO2(800), SnO2(1000), and SnO2(1200), respectively.

Effects of textural properties on the response of a SnO2-based gas sensor for the detection of chemical warfare agents.

The sensing behavior of SnO(2)-based thick film gas sensors in a flow system in the presence of a very low concentration (ppb level) of chemical agent simulants such as acetonitrile, dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPGME), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and dichloromethane (DCM) was investigated. Commercial SnO(2) [SnO(2)(C)] and nano-SnO(2) prepared by the precipitation method [SnO(2)(P)] were used to prepare the SnO(2) sensor in this study. In the case of DCM and acetonitrile, the SnO(2)(P) sensor showed higher sensor response as compared with the SnO(2)(C) sensors.

Spectrofluorimetric study of the interaction between europium(III) and moxifloxacin in micellar solution and its analytical application.

A sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of moxifloxacin (MOX) using europium(III)-MOX complex as a fluorescence probe in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The fluorescence (FL) intensity of Eu(3+) was enhanced by complexation with MOX at 614 nm after excitation at 373 nm. The FL intensity of the Eu(3+)-MOX complex was significantly intensified in the presence of SDBS.

Electrospun carbon nanotubes-gold nanoparticles embedded nanowebs: prosperous multi-functional nanomaterials.

Electrospinning was employed to prepare new multi-functional nanowebs. Cyclodextrin based inclusion complex (CD-IC) was used to disperse multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) within electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibrous membranes (PVdF-NFM). Subsequently, MWNT(CD-IC)/PVdF-NFM was loaded with gold (Au) particles.

An electrochemical glucose biosensor exploiting a polyaniline grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube/perfluorosulfonate ionomer-silica nanocomposite.

A glucose biosensor was fabricated with loading of glucose oxidase (GOx) into a new organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite. The preparation involves formation of silica network into a Nafion (perfluorosulfonate ionomer) and subsequent loading of polyaniline grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-g-PANI) onto Nafion-silica nanocomposite. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of Nafion-silica/MWNT-g-PANI composite reveals the presence of spherical silica particles (sizes in the range 250 nm-1 microm) and tubular MWNT-g-PANI particles.

Fabrication and properties of poly(vinylidenefluoride)/PbS/Au heterogeneous nanostructures.

We report on the fabrication of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVdF) PVdF/PbS and PVdF/PbS/Au heterogeneous nanostructures by the processes, electrospinning and chemical treatment. Initially electrospinning a solution consisting of PVdF and lead acetate was used to form PVdF nanofibers loaded with Pb ions. Exposure of Pb ions loaded PVdF fibers to H2S resulted in PVdF/PbS nanostructures.

Development of a stable cholesterol biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes-gold nanoparticles composite covered with a layer of chitosan-room-temperature ionic liquid network.

A novel amperometric biosensor was fabricated based on the immobilization of cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) into a cross-linked matrix of chitosan (Chi)-room-temperature ionic liquid (IL) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate). Initially, the surface of bare electrode (indium tin oxide coated glass) was modified with the electrodeposition of Au particles onto thiol (-SH) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The biosensor electrode is designated as MWNT(SH)-Au/Chi-IL/ChOx.