Prospective evaluation of the connected biofeedback EMY Kegel trainer in the management of stress urinary incontinence.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the quality of life with the connected biofeedback EMY Kegel trainer in patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence. Materiel and methods: This was a prospective, single-center, non-comparative study, which took place between September 2019 and October 2020, in the University Hospitals of Strasbourg. Eligible patients were instructed to use the EMY probe for a minimum of 10 min per day for five days per week.

Two distinct intracytoplasmic regions of the T-cell adhesion molecule CD28 participate in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase association.

Through the interaction with its ligands, CD80/B7-1 and CD86/B7-2 or B70, the human CD28 molecule plays a major functional role as a costimulator of T cells along with the CD3-TcR complex. We and others have previously reported that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inducibly associates with CD28. This association is mediated by the SH2 domains of the p85 adaptor subunit interacting with a cytoplasmic YMNM consensus motif present in CD28 at position 173-176.

Binding of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase to CD28 is required for T-cell signalling.

The engagement of CD28 with its ligand B7.1/CD80 results in potent costimulation of T-cell activation initiated through the CD3/T-cell receptor complex. The biochemical basis of CD28 costimulatory function is poorly understood.

Functional expression of human CD28 in murine T cell hybridomas.

CD28 is a 44 kDa Ig superfamily cell surface molecule expressed on most mature T cells. Through its interaction with the recently identified B7/BB1 counter-receptor, it is believed to play an important role as a co-stimulator of T cells along with the TCR-CD3 complex. Activation of T cells with CD28 mAbs synergizes with TCR-CD3 and CD2 stimulation, resulting in long term T cell proliferation, differentiation of cytotoxic T cells and production of large amounts of cytokines.

CD28 mAbs with distinct binding properties differ in their ability to induce T cell activation: analysis of early and late activation events.

A panel of eight different CD28 mAbs was used to analyse the structure-function relationships of the CD28 molecule. The results of binding inhibition experiments show a complex and heterogeneous pattern of inhibition; however a subgroup of mAbs was identified, namely CD28.1, CD28.

Generation of CD8 cytolytic T cells early after autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Longitudinal in vitro assays related to cell-mediated immunity were performed in patients following allogeneic (32) or autologous (15) bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In both groups of reconstituted patients, low CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio and weak allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions were found in the first 6 months after BMT, progressively reaching values similar to controls (bone marrow donors or unrelated individuals). In contrast, a strong generation of allogeneic cytotoxic cells, assessed by the number of lytic units per 10(6) cells, was frequently found (18/38 patients tested in both groups) in the first 4 months, despite the quantitative deficit of the CD4+ subset.

Anti-CD2 (sheep red blood cell receptor) monoclonal antibodies and T cell activation. I. Pairs of anti-T11.1 and T11.2 (CD2 subgroups) are strongly mitogenic for T cells in presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate.

A large collection of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against sheep red blood cell (SRBC) receptor (cluster of differentiation 2: CD2) were classified according to three criteria: their inhibitory effect on T cell-SRBC rosette formation; the epitopic cluster recognized on the CD2 molecule; their reactivity with resting or activated T cells. All mAb were then tested in a two by two checkerboard fashion for possible T cell mitogenicity, in presence or absence of a submitogenic dose of 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), an agent known to be comitogenic for T cells, presumably in delivering a second signal, usually accessory cell dependent. The combined data demonstrate that in the absence of TPA only few pairs of mAb directed at distinct epitopes of the CD2 molecule were mitogenic for T cells (in approximately 30% of the population tested), and in the presence of a submitogenic dose of TPA the majority of T11.