Barriers and enablers for implementation of clinical practice guidelines in maternity and neonatal settings: A rapid review.

Background: Maternity and neonatal services are rapidly changing in Australia because of evolving needs of the community and patient population. Clinical practice guidelines focused on early interventions and prevention strategies can decrease risk for preventable negative health outcomes in this population. However, despite the existence of several clinical practice guidelines, their translation into practice remains problematic for healthcare services.

Disparities in educational attainment and assault mortalities among Asian Americans in the USA, 2009-2021.

Background: In 2021, a spike in Asian American hate crimes resurged discussion on Asian health disparities. This study describes the association between education and assault among Asian Americans and their subgroups.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used individual-level data from the mortality multiple cause-of-death data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 2009 to 2021.

Variation in Mentions of Race and Ethnicity in Notes in Intensive Care Units Across a Health Care System.

Background: Social constructs like race can affect how patients are perceived and impact care. This study investigated whether mentions of race in notes for critically ill patients differed according to patients' race.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included intensive care unit notes for adults (≥18 years old) admitted to any of 6 intensive care units at University of California, San Francisco, from 2012 through 2020.

Association of Area Deprivation Index With Mortality in Critically Ill Adults With COVID-19.

Background: Various social determinants of health have been established as significant risk factors for COVID-19 transmission, prevalence, incidence, and mortality. Area deprivation index (ADI, a composite score made up of educational, housing, and poverty markers) is an accepted multidimensional social determinants of health measure. Little is known about how structural social determinants of health before hospitalization, including ADI, may affect mortality related to COVID-19 in critically ill patients.

Risk Factors for Increased Opioid Use During Postoperative Intensive Care.

Importance: In the ICU, opioids treat pain and improve ventilator tolerance as part of an analgosedation approach. Identifying predictors of opioid consumption during the ICU course might highlight actionable items to reduce opioid consumption.

Objectives: To identify risk factors for opioid use during a postoperative ICU course.

ViCE: An automated and quantitative program to assess intestinal tissue morphology.

Background And Objective: The tissue morphology of the intestinal surface is architecturally complex with finger-like projections called villi, and glandular structures called crypts. The ratio of villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (Vh:Cd) is used to quantitatively assess disease severity and response to therapy for intestinal enteropathies, such as celiac disease and is currently quantified manually. Given the time required, manual Vh:Cd measurements have largely been limited to clinical trials and are not used widely in clinical practice.

ICU outcomes following a Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSI) reduction quality improvement project.

Background: Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSI) are significant complications for hospitalized patients. Several different approaches have been used to reduce CLABSI.

Objective: This study aimed to (1) describe a systematic approach used to analyze and reduce CLABSI rates in a surgical ICU (SICU) at a quaternary care medical facility (CLABSI reduction bundle) and (2) examine the association of the bundle on CLABSI rates in the SICU, compared to six unexposed health system ICUs.

Perioperative Albumin Among Adults Undergoing Thoracic Surgery in the United States: Utilization, Associations With Clinical Outcomes, and Contribution to Hospital Costs.

Objectives: To estimate the use of albumin among adults undergoing thoracic surgery in the United States, compare baseline characteristics, clinical and cost outcomes of recipients versus nonrecipients, and determine albumin's contribution to total hospital costs.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Nationwide sample of US hospitals.

Integrating Health Informatics into Pre-Registration Nursing Education: Insights from a Participatory Workshop.

The implementation of health informatics in pre-registration health professional degrees faces persistent challenges, including curriculum overload, educator workforce capability gaps, and financial constraints. Despite these barriers, reports of successful implementation of health informatics pre-registration nursing programs exist. A virtual workshop was held during thein 15th International Nursing Informatics Conference in 2021 with the aim to explore successful implementation strategies for incorporating health informatics into the nursing curriculum to meet the accreditation standards.

Trends in the Utilization of Multiorgan Support Among Adults Undergoing High-risk Cardiac Surgery in the United States.

Objectives: To examine trends in the prevalence of multiorgan dysfunction (MODS), utilization of multi-organ support (MOS), and mortality among patients undergoing cardiac surgery with MODS who received MOS in the United States.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: 183 hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database.

Food prices and the wages of the poor: A cost-effective addition to high-frequency food security monitoring.

The affordability of nutritious food for "all people, at all times" is a critically important dimension of food security. Yet surprisingly, timely high-frequency indicators of food affordability are rarely collected in any systematic fashion despite price volatility emerging as major source of food insecurity in the 21st Century. The 2008 global food crisis prompted international agencies to invest heavily in monitoring domestic food prices in low and middle income countries (LMICs).

Timely Albumin Infusion May Improve Resource Utilization in Patients with Cirrhosis and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a life-threatening complication of cirrhosis that can increase healthcare utilization. The impact of albumin administration timing on hospital resource utilization and its optimal timing is unclear, despite its efficacy in improving survival for cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the timing of albumin administration on the length of stay and total hospital cost for patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis who require fluid resuscitation.

Reduce intraoperative albumin utilisation in cardiac surgical patients: a quality improvement initiative.

Background: Albumin continues to be used routinely by cardiac anaesthesiologists perioperatively despite lack of evidence for improved outcomes. The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) data ranked our institution as one of the highest intraoperative albumin users during cardiac surgery. Therefore, we designed a quality improvement project (QIP) to introduce a bundle of interventions to reduce intraoperative albumin use in cardiac surgical patients.

Perspectives on the implementation of health informatics curricula frameworks.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the necessity of equipping health professionals with knowledge and skills to effectively use digital technology for healthcare delivery. However, questions persist about the best approach to effectively educate future health professionals for this. A workshop at the 15th Nursing Informatics International Congress explored this issue.

Hospital Outcomes in Patients Who Developed Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

To identify risk factors for and outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This is a retrospective study using the Premier Healthcare Database between 2016 and 2020. Patients diagnosed with pneumonia, requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), antimicrobial therapy, and hospital admission ≥2 days were included.

Early Beta-Blocker Utilization in Critically Ill Patients With Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: There is limited evidence that beta-blockers may provide benefit for patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the acute injury period. Larger studies on utilization patterns and impact on outcomes in clinical practice are lacking.

Objective: The present study uses a large, national hospital claims-based dataset to examine early beta-blocker utilization patterns and its association with clinical outcomes among critically ill patients with moderate-severe TBI.

Pain trajectories after bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation surgery performed via a clamshell incision.

Introduction: The nature, intensity, and progression of acute pain after bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation (BOLT) performed via a clamshell incision has not been well investigated. We aimed to describe acute pain after clamshell incisions using pain trajectories for the study cohort, in addition to stratifying patients into separate pain trajectory groups and investigating their association with donor and recipient perioperative variables.

Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, we retrospectively included all patients ≥18 years old who underwent primary BOLT via clamshell incision at a single center between January 1, 2017, and June 30, 2022.

Association of Early Dexmedetomidine Utilization With Clinical Outcomes After Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an expensive and common public health problem. Management of TBI oftentimes includes sedation to facilitate mechanical ventilation (MV) for airway protection. Dexmedetomidine has emerged as a potential candidate for improved patient outcomes when used for early sedation after TBI due to its potential modulation of autonomic dysfunction.

Measuring Implicit Bias in ICU Notes Using Word-Embedding Neural Network Models.

Background: Language in nonmedical data sets is known to transmit human-like biases when used in natural language processing (NLP) algorithms that can reinforce disparities. It is unclear if NLP algorithms of medical notes could lead to similar transmissions of biases.

Research Question: Can we identify implicit bias in clinical notes, and are biases stable across time and geography?

Study Design And Methods: To determine whether different racial and ethnic descriptors are similar contextually to stigmatizing language in ICU notes and whether these relationships are stable across time and geography, we identified notes on critically ill adults admitted to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), from 2012 through 2022 and to Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital (BIDMC) from 2001 through 2012.

Ethnicity, information and cooperation: Evidence from a group-based nutrition intervention.

Development programs often rely on locally hired agents for service delivery, especially for interventions promoting agricultural practices, health, and nutrition. These agents are key to reaching underserved communities, especially women, with information and services around recommended practices. However, where societies are socially stratified, differences in ethnic identities between agents and beneficiaries may impact the effectiveness of information and service delivery and the uptake of recommended behaviors.