Magnitude, Extent, and Burden of Substance-use Disorders in West Bengal: Findings from the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), 2016.

Introduction: Substance-use disorders (SUDs) are a public health problem. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and National Family Health Survey (NFHS) provide evidence of high usage. Hence, the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) WB data were analyzed to estimate the prevalence, pattern, disability burden, and service utilization of SUD.

CHSI costing study-Challenges and solutions for cost data collection in private hospitals in India.

Introduction: Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) has enabled the Government of India to become a strategic purchaser of health care services from private providers. To generate base cost evidence for evidence-based policymaking the Costing of Health Services in India (CHSI) study was commissioned in 2018 for the price setting of health benefit packages. This paper reports the findings of a process evaluation of the cost data collection in the private hospitals.

Cost of Surgical Care at Public Sector District Hospitals in India: Implications for Universal Health Coverage and Publicly Financed Health Insurance Schemes.

Background: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), provisioning for surgical care is a public health priority. Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri-Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) is India's largest national insurance scheme providing free surgical and medical care. In this paper, we present the costs of surgical health benefit packages (HBPs) for secondary care in public district hospitals.

Cyberbullying among late adolescent: A cross-sectional study in two higher secondary schools of Kolkata, West Bengal.

Cyberbullying is a newer phenomenon which is becoming more prevalent among adolescent students with the use of information technology. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of being cyberbullied among late adolescent and to study the behavior and the attitude on cyberbullying. It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 254 school students (15-19 years).

National Mental Health Survey of India, 2016 - Rationale, design and methods.

Understanding the burden and pattern of mental disorders as well as mapping the existing resources for delivery of mental health services in India, has been a felt need over decades. Recognizing this necessity, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, commissioned the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) in the year 2014-15. The NMHS aimed to estimate the prevalence and burden of mental health disorders in India and identify current treatment gaps, existing patterns of health-care seeking, service utilization patterns, along with an understanding of the impact and disability due to these disorders.

Health Related Quality of Life and its Predictors among Bengali Thalassemic Children Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objective: To assess the quality of life among thalassemic children and to find out association of quality of life (QOL) with the socio-demographic factors, and clinico-therapeutic profile.

Methods: This cross sectional descriptive epidemiological study was conducted from July 2011 through June 2012 on 365 admitted thalassemic patients of 5 to 12 y of age in the Burdwan Medical College and Hospital. Parents of the children were interviewed using Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.

Quality of life of older people in an urban slum of India.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine different domains of quality of life (QOL) and their relationship to sociodemographic characteristics among older people in an urban slum in India.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (n = 120). Selected individuals were interviewed, and their QOL was assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire.

Awareness and Practices of Oral Hygiene and its Relation to Sociodemographic Factors among Patients attending the General Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata, India.

Background: Periodontal diseases, dental caries, malocclusion, and oral cancer are the most prevalent dental diseases affecting people in the Indian community.

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the awareness and practices on oral hygiene and its association with the sociodemographic factors among patients attending the general Outpatient Department (OPD).

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 patients attending the general OPD of the SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India, from 1 April to 30 April, 2013.

Depression among nursing students in an Indian government college.

Background: Depression is a major public health threat that can affect anyone including health professionals and nursing students.

Objectives And Methods: This analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 students of a nursing college to find out the burden of depression on them and possible contributing factors using the Beck Depression Inventory.

Results: 63.

Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal, India.

Introduction: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to the reduction of mortality and the improvement of the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The present study was conducted to determine the pattern of adherence to HAART among PLWHA, and to assess the factor(s) affecting nonadherence, if any.

Methods: This study was a hospital-based analytical, cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted between July and October 2011.

Coverage and awareness of and compliance with mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Burdwan District, West Bengal, India.

India adopted WHO's strategy of repeated rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. The present study attempted to assess the coverage and awareness of and compliance with MDA for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Burdwan district of India, following MDA round in July 2010. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the four randomly-selected clusters in the district of Burdwan, West Bengal, India, covering 603 individuals from 154 households, using a predesigned pretested schedule.

Age-related decrease in human corneal γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity.

Purpose: To investigate age-related effects on human corneal γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) (ectoenzyme important to maintaining corneal hydration and antioxidant potential via glutathione recapture).

Methods: Age-related differences between total, endothelial, and epithelial GGT activity and endothelial cell density were determined for corneas from 29 donors (mean age, 53 ± 17 years; age range, 13-83 years). GGT activity was determined using a standard colorimetric assay based on the transpeptidation reaction.

Orbital sporadic Burkitt lymphoma in an adult diabetic African American female and a review of adult orbital cases.

A case of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (sBL) presenting with jaw and lid involvement in a diabetic adult African American female and a review of adult orbital Burkitt lymphoma cases are presented. Lid edema, visual loss, ophthalmoparesis, proptosis, and sinusitis progressed over 4 weeks despite antibiotic and steroid treatment. Upper lid biopsy histopathological evaluation and immunophenotyping revealed a homogenous mass of atypical CD10 and CD20-negative B-cells and tingible body macrophages yielding a "starry sky" appearance.

Relationship of personal hygiene with nutrition and morbidity profile: a study among primary school children in South kolkata.

Background: Majority of the health problems affecting school children are preventable by promotion of hygienic practices through proper health education by the teachers, who are the first contacts.

Objectives: The study was undertaken to find out the status of nutrition and personal hygiene among primary school children and their association with their varied morbidity profiles.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary school situated in the largest slum of Kolkata.

Basal cell cystadenoma of the lacrimal gland: diagnostic pitfalls of a basaloid pattern in lacrimal tumours.

An 85-year-old male experienced a painless swelling along the left lateral orbit for one year. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a cystic mass in the orbit adjacent to the lacrimal gland. There was a concern for malignancy considering the large size and the patient's age, so the tumour was excised.

Glutamate, excitatory amino acid transporters, Xc- antiporter, glutamine synthetase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in human corneal epithelium.

Purpose: The viability and functions of the corneal epithelium are dependent in large measure on the active uptake of nutrients, growth factors, and amino acids from stroma and tear. The present study presents the cellular distribution(s) of glutamate, the Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporters (excitatory amino acid transporters; EAAT1-5), Na(+)-independent glutamate/cystine exchanger (Xc(-) antiporter) subunits (xCT light chain and 4F2hc heavy chain), glutamine synthetase (GS), and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in human corneal epithelium.

Methods: Glutamate, EAAT1-5, xCT/4F2hc, GS, and GGT immunoreactive proteins were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy.

Orbital metastasis of keratinizing squamous cell cervical carcinoma with giant cells. A case report.

A case of orbital metastasis of cervical keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is presented. The patient, in remission from primary cervical and ovarian cancers, presented with complaints of left eye ptosis and pain. Examination revealed the presence of a moderately tender mass along the left supra-temporal orbital rim and downward displacement of the left globe.

Intracameral toxicity of bacterial components muramyl dipeptide and staurosporine: ciliary cyst formation, epithelial cell apoptosis and necrosis.

The uveitogenic bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is apoptogenic in rabbit kidney cells. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the cytotoxic activity of MDP and staurosporine (STSP; induces cultured corneal and lens cells apoptosis) in rabbit ciliary body tissue. Anterior uveitis was determined by clinical symptoms and increased aqueous humor (AH) protein.

Availability and use of emergency obstetric care services in four districts of West Bengal, India.

Process indicators have been recommended for monitoring the availability and use of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services. A health facility-based study was carried out in 2002 in four districts of West Bengal, India, to analyze these process indicators. Relevant records and registers for 2001 of all studied facilities in the districts were reviewed to collect data using a pre-designed schedule.