Study of Serum Adiponectin and Interleukin-1β Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes.

Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with alterations in the regulation of glucose metabolism caused by actions of various placental hormones and substances that antagonise the action of insulin leading to a state of relative insulin resistance as pregnancy progresses. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Adiponectin is known to be synthesised by adipocytes as well as by the placenta during pregnancy.

A randomized control trial to study the effect of integrated yoga on pregnancy outcome in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrated yoga on blood pressure and pregnancy outcome in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients were randomized into study and control groups. The study group received the intervention in the form of integrated yoga for 4 weeks.

Prenatal Yoga: Effects on Alleviation of Labor Pain and Birth Outcomes.

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that prenatal yogic exercises are effective in alleviating labor pain and improving birth outcomes, by comparing pregnant women undertaking yoga with a control group. Single blinded, parallel randomized control trial. Two hundred primigravid women of 30 weeks of gestation onward who met the inclusion criteria (primigravida, 20-35 years of age, gestational age of 30 weeks, no prior experience of yoga) were randomly assigned to study ( = 100) and control groups ( = 100) by using the minimized randomization program version 2.

Study of Association of Leptin and Insulin Resistance Markers in Patients of PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological disorder among women of the reproductive age group with long term sequelae which include diabetes mellitus, hypertension and CAD. The present study was conducted to evaluate the association of leptin-an adipokine playing an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and markers of insulin resistance among women with PCOS. Sixty diagnosed cases of PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria were enrolled in this study after informed written consent.

Uterine artery embolization: exploring new dimensions in obstetric emergencies.

The role of transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of obstetric emergencies is relatively new and not so commonly used. In the following series, the efficacy of this technique in situations such as scar site ectopic pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum obstetric hemorrhage, especially in the presence of coagulation derangement is presented.

Can maternal serum placental growth factor estimation in early second trimester predict the occurrence of early onset preeclampsia and/or early onset intrauterine growth restriction? A prospective cohort study.

Aim: To determine whether maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) estimation in early second trimester (20-22 weeks of gestation) can predict the occurrence of early onset preeclampsia and/or early onset intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Material And Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 722 women with singleton pregnancies, screened from the antenatal clinic, and serum PlGF levels were estimated at 20-22 weeks of gestation. A cut-off value of <155 pg/mL for serum PlGF was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for identifying pregnant women at risk of developing early onset preeclampsia and/or early onset IUGR.

Serum placental growth factor as a predictor of early onset preeclampsia in overweight/obese pregnant women.

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) could predict early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks of gestation) in overweight/obese pregnant women, and whether it could do it more effectively than in normal/underweight pregnant women. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 1678 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies, who were grouped as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese on the basis of body mass index, followed by serum PlGF estimation at 20 to 22 weeks of gestation. A cut-off value of <144 pg/mL for PlGF was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis to identify risk of early onset preeclampsia.

Primary hepatic pregnancy.

A 25-year-old G2P1L1 woman with 18-week pregnancy presented with right hypochondriac pain and vomiting for the past 1 week. She had borderline vitals and a diffusely tender abdomen. Ultrasound revealed a live 18-week fetus attached to the undersurface of the liver with moderate ascites.

Is serum placental growth factor more effective as a biomarker in predicting early onset preeclampsia in early second trimester than in first trimester of pregnancy?

Purpose: To determine whether maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) is more effective as a biomarker in predicting the occurrence of early onset preeclampsia in first trimester or early second trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on women with singleton pregnancies, screened from the antenatal clinic. Serum PlGF estimation was done at 11-14 weeks of gestation on 1,244 women and at 22-24 weeks of gestation on 1,206 women from the initial study population.

Large nabothian cyst: a rare cause of nulliparous prolapse.

Genital prolapse is commonly observed in postmenopausal and multiparous women, However, nulliparous women contribute to 2% of prevalence. We report a case of 21-year-old female who presented with a large nabothian cyst contributing to prolapse. This is the first case reported in the literature.

Association between placental growth factor levels in early onset preeclampsia with the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the association between PlGF (placental growth factor) estimation in early second trimester (22-24weeks of gestation), with the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women with early onset preeclampsia and whether the mode of delivery (cesarean or vaginal) has any association with increased risk of developing postpartum hemorrhage.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 788 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with early onset preeclampsia between March 2009 and June 2011. Maternal serum PlGF level estimation was done between 22 and 24weeks of gestation and a cut-off value of <122pg/ml was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for identifying those at risk of developing postpartum hemorrhage.

Combination of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry and maternal serum placental growth factor estimation in predicting occurrence of pre-eclampsia in early second trimester pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the combined use of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry (UADV) and estimation of maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) levels in early second trimester (20-22 weeks of gestation) in identifying pregnant women at risk of developing pre-eclampsia.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study on 1104 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies between May 2009 and December 2010. UADV and maternal serum PlGF estimation were done at 20-22 weeks' gestation.

Maternal serum interleukin-6 and its association with clinicopathological infectious morbidity in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To analyze the association of maternal serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) with fetomaternal outcome in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Methods: Serial serum IL-6 levels were measured in 45 women with PPROM at gestation 24-34 weeks. The women were followed till pueperium and fetomaternal outcome as well as the histopathology of the placenta and the umbilical cord was studied.

Interleukin-6 as a predictor of subclinical chorioamnionitis in preterm premature rupture of membranes.

Problem: One of the major challenges faced by the clinicians in preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is to correctly identify when a significant chorioamnionitis is evolving and decide timely delivery of the fetus. Measuring interleukin-6 levels in maternal serum can be useful for the identification of asymptomatic intrauterine infections in subjects with PPROM.

Method Of Study: A total of 75 pregnant women, of which 45 pregnant women presenting with PPROM between 24 and 34 weeks gestation and 30 healthy pregnant women without PPROM, were included in the study.

Serum PLGF as a potential biomarker for predicting the onset of preeclampsia.

Purpose: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Till date despite years of research into the condition, predicting the onset of preeclampsia remains a problem. Placental growth factor is one of the many angiogenic factors, which shows significant altered levels in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy.

Association of bacterial vaginosis with adverse fetomaternal outcome in women with spontaneous preterm labor: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare the fetomaternal outcome in women with spontaneous preterm labor, with or without bacterial vaginosis (BV).

Methods: One hundred and fifty-two pregnant patients presenting with spontaneous preterm labor between 28 and 35 weeks of gestation were screened for BV using Amsel's criteria and Nugent score, and were divided into two groups of 30 patients each, based on the BV positive or negative screen. Both the groups were followed till puerperium, and the fetal-maternal outcome was studied.

OHVIRA syndrome: rare cause of chronic vaginal discharge in an unmarried female.

Chronic vaginal discharge in adolescent and young females, not responding to antibiotics, can pose a diagnostic dilemma for many gynecologists and general practitioners. Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly. We present a case of a 22-year-old unmarried female with this syndrome presenting with chronic purulent vaginal discharge.

A comparative study of the effects of local estrogen with or without local testosterone on vulvovaginal and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women.

Introduction: A significant number of postmenopausal women suffer from distressing problems because of urogenital atrophy secondary to the decline in circulating estrogen levels. Treatment with topical hormones may provide relief in such women when used judiciously.

Aim: To study the effects of local estrogen with or without local testosterone on urogenital and sexual health in postmenopausal women.

Role of inflammatory cytokines and eNOS gene polymorphism in pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.

Problem: Pre-eclampsia involves endothelial vascular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that (i) endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase Glu298Asp gene polymorphism limits constitutive NO production causing endothelial dysfunction and (ii) inflammatory cytokines impairs endothelium dependent relaxation in pre-eclampsia.

Method Of Study: This cross-sectional study included 50 women with pre-eclampsia and 50 healthy pregnant women.

A rare case of cervical tuberculosis simulating carcinoma cervix: a case report.

Background: This is an unusual case of a 26-year-old P2L2 lady who presented with chief complaints of pain abdomen and irregular bleeding p/v with history of post-coital bleeding.

Case Report: On per speculum examination, cervix was replaced by an irregular friable growth, which was bleeding on touch. A clinical diagnosis of carcinoma cervix was made but the cervical biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation with presence of acid-fast bacilli on cervical smear consistent with tuberculosis.

Pelvic tuberculosis in a postmenopausal woman mimicking ovarian malignancy--a clinical dilemma.

A 72-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with dyspepsia, weight loss, abdominal pain, and ascites. Ultrasonography revealed a pelvic mass and evidence of pyometra. Serum CA-125 was raised.

Oral misoprostol versus intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel for active management of premature rupture of membranes at term.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol with intracervical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel for the active management of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term.

Methods: Women with pregnancies between 37 and 42 weeks presenting with PROM at term and a Bishop score of 5 or less were randomly assigned to receive either a 4-hourly oral dose of 50 microg of misoprostol up to a maximum of 3 doses or 2 applications of intracervical PGE2 gel at a 6-hour interval. Oxytocin was given if labor had not started after 12 hours.