'Radiation-induced pleomorphic sarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation of the lower limb following treatment of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma - A case report and review of the literature'.

We present the case of a 59-year-old woman who developed a right thigh pleomorphic sarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation 6 years following radiotherapy for a vaginal squamous cell carcinoma. The overall 5-year survival for a gynaecological malignancy is more than 80 % and as overall cancer survivorship and life expectancy improves, the incidence of radiation-induced malignancy is increasing (Bjerkehagen et al., 2013).

A proposed framework for the implementation of head and neck cancer treatment at a new cancer center from a radiation oncology perspective.

Background: Establishing a new head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment center requires multidisciplinary team management and expertise. To our knowledge, there are no clear recommendations or guidelines in the literature for the commencement of HNC radiation therapy (RT) at a new cancer center. We propose a novel framework outlining the necessary components required to set-up a new radiation therapy HNC treatment.

Carcinosarcomas of the Uterus: Prognostic Factors and Impact of Adjuvant Treatment.

Background: Uncertainties remain about the most effective treatment for uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), a rare but aggressive uterine cancer, due to the limited scope for randomized trials. This study investigates whether nodal excision or adjuvant therapies after hysterectomy offer a survival benefit, using multi-institutional clinical registry data from South Australia.

Methods: Data for all consecutive cases of UCS from 1980 to 2019 were extracted from the Clinical Cancer Registry.

Temporal modelling of beryllium oxide ceramics' real-time OSL for dosimetry with a superficial 140 kVp X-ray beam.

A new analysis method for the rtOSL of BeO ceramics is presented, using temporal curve fitting of an expected rtOSL signal to measured rtOSL signals. The presented technique does not require heavy signal averaging to determine the OSL bleaching correction associated with the ΔrtOSL method, reducing uncertainties in the post-correction rtOSL. The corrected rtOSL signal was demonstrated to be linear with dose, and dose-rate independent.

Evaluation of a real-time optically stimulated luminescence beryllium oxide (BeO) fibre-coupled dosimetry system with a superficial 140 kVp X-ray beam.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of real-time optically stimulated luminescence (rtOSL) measurements of a beryllium oxide (BeO) ceramic fibre-coupled luminescence dosimetry system. By pulsing the stimulation laser during the exposure to ionizing radiation, an rtOSL dose-rate measurement can be obtained which could be stem effect free. A portable rtOSL BeO ceramic fibre-coupled dosimetry system is presented and characterized using a constant dose-rate superficial 140 kVp X-ray beam.

The mutational burden of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms is similar to primary myelodysplastic syndrome but has a distinctive distribution.

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (T-MN) are poorly characterized secondary hematological malignancies following chemotherapy/radiotherapy exposure. We compared the clinical and mutational characteristics of T-MN (n = 129) and primary myelodysplastic syndrome (P-MDS, n = 108) patients. Although the somatic mutation frequency was similar between T-MN and P-MDS patients (93% in both groups), the pattern was distinct.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of the South Australian experience.

Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment option for liver tumours unsuitable for established curative treatment such as ablation or surgery. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SBRT in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in South Australia.

Methods: From 2014 to 2018, 13 HCC patients were treated with SBRT.

Feasibility of spacers to facilitate postoperative radiotherapy for retroperitoneal sarcomas.

Introduction: The role and timing of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the management of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) remains controversial.

Method: This is a retrospective cohort review of patients undergoing curative resection for RPS at a single institution between January 2011 and July 2016. Patient selection was through the South Australian Soft Tissue Tumour Multidisciplinary Group (MDT) based at Royal Adelaide Hospital.

Oesophageal cancer: Which treatment is the easiest to swallow? A review of combined modality treatments for resectable carcinomas.

Oesophageal cancer is a relatively uncommon malignancy, but with poor prognosis. Despite several treatment options that are available, the 5-year survival rates rarely exceed 40%. This review discusses the main challenges of oesophageal cancer, the available treatment options, and the most effective treatment in terms of overall survival.

Cocktail without hangover: in search for the optimal chemotherapy in the combined management of non-operable esophageal carcinomas.

Background: The worldwide incidence of esophageal cancer has greatly increased over the past few decades making it the sixth deadliest cancer. The disease is often detected in advanced stages when surgery is no longer an option. The standard treatment in these situations is combined chemoradiotherapy, by employing drug cocktails that lead to optimal treatment outcomes both from the perspective of tumor control and normal tissue toxicity.

Patterns of care for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma: experience from Australian sarcoma services.

Background: There is a paucity of data on the current management of patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in the Australian health care setting. This study utilised the Australian sarcoma database to evaluate the patterns of care delivered to patients with advanced STS at Australian sarcoma services.

Methods: Prospectively collected data from six sarcoma centres in Australia were sourced to identify patients diagnosed with advanced STS between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012.

Phase I study evaluating the safety and efficacy of oral panobinostat in combination with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in patients with inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.

Panobinostat is a radiosensitizing agent and targets the epigenetics of malignancy. This phase I study evaluated the safety and efficacy of combining oral panobinostat with radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. This study had a parallel dose-escalating design combining oral panobinostat twice a week (dose escalations 20, 30, 45 mg) with either palliative RT (group A) or radical CRT (group B) using a standard chemotherapy protocol of cisplatin and etoposide.

Comparison of 3 different postimplant dosimetry methods following permanent 125I prostate seed brachytherapy.

Postimplant dosimetry (PID) after Iodine-125 ((125)I) implant of the prostate should offer a reliable qualitative assessment. So far, there is no consensus regarding the optimum PID method, though the latest literature is in favor of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aims to simultaneously compare 3 PID techniques: (1) MRI-computed tomography (CT) fusion; (2) ultrasound (US)-CT fusion; and (3) manual target delineation on CT.

Quality indicators and technique for analyzing permanent I-125 prostate seed implants: seven years postimplant dosimetry evaluation.

Purpose: The roles of postimplant dosimetry (PID) after permanent I-125 implant are to identify and rectify inadequate implants, assess the dosimetric quality indicators, and evaluate dose to the organs at risk. The aim of the current work was to assess the progress of prostate implant quality via postimplant dosimetry over seven years.

Methods: The following factors were investigated to assess the PID results obtained over seven years: the improvement in implant technique, the computed tomography (CT) delineation-based PID versus ultrasound-CT (US-CT) fusion-based PID, and the evolution of parameters such as D90 and NDR (natural dose ratio).