Covalent modification of glassy carbon spheres through ball milling under solvent free conditions: A novel electrochemical interface for mercury(II) quantification.

A simple and green chemistry protocol has been proposed based on the covalent anchoring of benzamide molecule on glassy carbon spheres through ball milling under solvent free condition. The modification proceeds through the formation of an amide bond between carboxylic group of glassy carbon spheres and the amino group of modifier molecule. The formation of covalent bond was ascertained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

A binderless, covalently bulk modified electrochemical sensor: application to simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium at trace level.

A new type of covalent binderless bulk modified electrode has been fabricated and used in the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium ions at nanomolar level. The modification of graphitic carbon with 4-amino salicylic acid was carried out under microwave irradiation through the amide bond formation. The electrochemical behavior of the fabricated electrode has been carried out to decipher the interacting ability of the functional moieties present on the modifier molecules toward the simultaneous determination of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) ions using cyclic and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.