PU.1-driven Th9 Cells Promote Colorectal Cancer in Experimental Colitis Models Through Il-6 Effects in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Background And Aims: Colorectal cancer [CRC] is one of the most frequent malignancies, but the molecular mechanisms driving cancer growth are incompletely understood. We characterised the roles of the cytokine IL-9 and Th9 cells in regulating CRC development.

Methods: CRC patient samples and samples from AOM/DSS treated mice were analysed for expression of IL-9, CD3, and PU.

Targeting of the Tec Kinase ITK Drives Resolution of T Cell-Mediated Colitis and Emerges as Potential Therapeutic Option in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background & Aims: The molecular checkpoints driving T cell activation and cytokine responses in ulcerative colitis (UC) are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the Tec kinase ITK in UC.

Methods: We analyzed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 223) and evaluated ITK activity as well as the functional effects of cyclosporine-A (CsA).