Antibiotic consumption in hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative study.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in similar clinical characteristics as bacterial respiratory tract infections and can potentially lead to antibiotic overuse. This study aimed to determine the changes in hospital antimicrobial usage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology: We compared antimicrobial consumption data for 2019 and 2020.

Applicability of American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt.

Background: The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) prepared clinical pharmacist competencies that have specific recommendations. Recently, many efforts to advance clinical pharmacy services in Egypt exist. The literature revealed that no country has assessed the extent of applicability of ACCP competencies in its current pharmacy practice setting.

Effects of Fill Volume and Humidification on Aerosol Delivery During Single-Limb Noninvasive Ventilation.

Background: The aim of this work was to determine the effect of fill volume and humidification change on aerosol delivery during single-limb noninvasive ventilation (NIV).

Methods: Four groups were recruited, each consisting of 12 subjects (6 females) with COPD receiving NIV. Groups 1 and 3 received inhaled salbutamol with a vibrating mesh nebulizer, and Groups 2 and 4 received inhaled salbutamol with a jet nebulizer.