Thrombosed varicocele - a rare cause for acute scrotal pain: a case report.

Background: Acute scrotal pain has various causes. Testicular torsion, torsion of appendages and Epididymo-orchitis are common causes, while varicocele thromboses are a rare cause. Varicocele thromboses can occur post operatively or spontaneously.

Post Incisional Hernia Meshplasty Vesicocutaneous Fistula - A Rare Complication.

Laparoscopic meshplasty is gold standard in hernia surgery. Mesh migration into bowel/bladder has been documented after laparoscopic repair, though migration into bowel is more common than bladder. Only 12 cases of migration into bladder have been described post inguinal meshplasty.

Spontaneous Bladder Rupture Masquerading as Pseudo-diverticulum.

Spontaneous bladder rupture is rare. Presentation is non-specific and in absence of history of trauma, radiation, inflammatory conditions and other leading causes, there is considerable diagnostic delay. Absence of clear cut diagnostic signs leads to increased morbidity and mortality.

"Isolated Spontaneous Renal Artery Thrombosis - A Rare Cause of Acute Flank Pain".

Many patients present with severe abdominal pain. Renal Artery Thrombosis (RAT) is rare, serious and misdiagnosed. RAT has been well described in association with various disorders, but isolated spontaneously occurring RAT is rare and only 2 cases have been described as of date.

Urinary Bladder Xanthoma - Is Immunohistochemistry Necessary?

Urinary Bladder Xanthomas (UBX) are non-neoplastic reactive tumor like process. Isolated UBX is rare with only around 15 cases reported (Yu, Patel, & Bonert, 2015). UBX are reported in older patients who present with non specific symptoms like UTI or hematuria.

Paradidymis - Fact/Fiction and its Significance.

A 30-year old infertile male was admitted for microsurgical sub inguinal varicocelectomy. Intraoperatively, two tubular structures of the caliber of neighboring veins were noted. They were distinct from the vas, which was carefully preserved.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the testis: can it be a single diagnostic modality in azoospermia?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of testis alone is sufficient to diagnose testicular function and whether follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) estimation can be safely eliminated from the evaluation protocol of the azoospermic subject.

Materials And Methods: We studied 46 adult azoospermic males who were infertile for more than 2 years following marriage. Hormonal profile was done in all.

Laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy: modifications for developing nations.

Objective: To describe modifications to laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy (LLDN) to make it more cost-effective for developing countries; LLDN was developed as a better alternative to conventional donor nephrectomy, with advantages of an earlier return to normal activities and smaller scars, but is not popular in developing countries because of high cost of disposable items.

Patients And Methods: From January 2000 to January 2002, 148 LLDNs were performed, of which two used a hand-assisted technique, 17 the standard technique, 79 a modified laparoscopically assisted cost-saving approach and 50 by the modified technique. In the latter approach the kidney was delivered through a 6-8 cm anterior subcostal flank incision.

Stones associated renal pelvic malignancies.

Background: The clinico-pathological characteristics of renal pelvic malignancies associated with stones were retrospectively analyzed.

Aims: The main objective was to define the biological behavior and prognostic factors for these malignancies.

Settings & Design: The tumors were classified according to the pathological types.

Prediction of fragility of urinary calculi by dual X-ray absorptiometry.

Purpose: Stone fragility is a key factor for the success of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Dual x-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard for measuring bone mineral content and density, which helps in determining bone mass and the fracture risk. The same principle was applied to determine the relationship of stone mineral content (SMC) and density (SMD) to predict the fragility of stone before SWL.