Effects of Age on the Bone-Conduction Amplitude-Modulated cVEMP Temporal Modulation Transfer Function.

Objectives: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) reflect saccular stimulation that results in an inhibitory muscle reflex recorded over the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These responses are utilized to study basic vestibular functions and are also applied clinically. Traditionally, cVEMPs have utilized transient stimuli such as clicks and tonebursts to evoke onset responses.

Effects of Age on the Frequency Amplitude Ratio of Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials.

Purpose: An increase in the 1000/500 Hz frequency amplitude ratio (FAR) of the cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP and oVEMP, respectively) may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing Meniere's disease (MD). However, the aging process can also result in an increased FAR for VEMPs. In older patients, distinguishing whether changes in VEMP FAR are due to MD or aging processes becomes difficult.

Effects of Age and Middle Ear on the Frequency Tuning of the cVEMP and oVEMP.

Background: Upward shift in the air conducted (AC) frequency tuning of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) as an effect of aging is hypothesized to be due to the microstructural stiffening changes in the inner ear. However, with an AC stimulus, it may be possible that the shift in the frequency tuning of VEMPs as an effect of aging may also be due to contributions from the middle ear.

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of age on the frequency tuning of the cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) and determine the role of middle ear transmission characteristics in shaping these effects.

Video Head Impulse Test in Persons with Blindness: Feasibility and Outcomes.

Background: To achieve balance, persons with blindness (PWB) use proprioceptive and vestibular cues rather than the visual system; however, PWB are equally susceptible to acquire vestibular disorders. Reliable assessments of the vestibular system in PWB are essential to determine the presence or absence of vestibular disorders.

Purpose: The saccular and the utricular functioning can be assessed using cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential, respectively.

A Novel Stimulation Paradigm for Obtaining Interfrequency Amplitude Ratio of Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials.

Purpose Interfrequency amplitude ratio (IFAR), the ratio of amplitude between ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) for tone bursts of 500 and 1000 Hz, aids in identification of Ménière's disease with high sensitivity and specificity. However, it requires recording of oVEMP for 2 frequencies, which doubles the time of recording. Use of simultaneous recording of responses for both frequencies could potentially bring down testing time.

A Novel Grading System for Salpingopharyngeal Fold Hypertrophy in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

The present study aimed at reporting the incidence of Salpingopharyngeal Fold (SPF) hypertrophy on Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA, validate a grading system and analyse the impact of various grades on the clinical presentation while ascertaining its relation with Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI). A retrospective analysis of 169 patients with polysomnographic confirmation of obstructive sleep apnoea has been done in the study. The DISE video data of 169 patients was evaluated by two ENT surgeons individually and they graded the hypertrophy of the fold as Grade 0 being normal anatomy, Grade 1 being hypertrophy causing partial obstruction and Grade 2 being hypertrophy causing complete obstruction of lateral pharyngeal wall.

Altered auditory and vestibular functioning in individuals with low bone mineral density: a systematic review.

Alteration in the process of bone remodelling is associated with falls and fractures due to increased bone fragility and altered calcium functioning. The auditory system consists of skeletal structures and is, therefore, prone to getting affected by altered bone remodelling. In addition, the vestibule consists of huge volumes of calcium (CaCO3) in the form of otoconia crystals and alteration in functioning calcium levels could, therefore, result in vestibular symptoms.

Behavioural and objective vestibular assessment in persons with osteoporosis and osteopenia: a preliminary investigation.

Introduction: Calcium is vital for the functioning of the inner ear hair cells as well as for the neurotransmitter release that triggers the generation of a nerve impulse. A reduction in calcium level could therefore impair the peripheric vestibular functioning. However, the outcome of balance assessment has rarely been explored in cases with osteopenia and osteoporosis, the medical conditions associated with reduction in calcium levels.