Objective: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor. Although multiple reviews have been published on salivary gland malignancies, it has been a decade since the last dedicated systematic review pertaining to CXPA alone was published. This study examines molecular factors in CXPA diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma (CXPA) is a rare primary salivary gland malignancy, typically arising from a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma. This systematic review examines prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS) in major and minor salivary gland CXPA.
Materials And Methods: Systematic review of MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Open Grey databases from inception to 31st March 2022 for all English-language literature pertaining to 'carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma'.
Introduction: Epistaxis represents a massive burden upon NHS resources. Despite being an extremely common reason for emergency ENT admissions, there remains significant variation in its management. Although the evidence base is continually growing, there appears to be a lack of guidance towards managing anti-coagulants and anti-platelet medications and identifying patient-specific outcomes in this setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Thyroid storm is a rare but life-threatening emergency that prompts urgent intervention to halt its potentially disastrous outcomes. There is not much literature available on thyroid storm in head neck trauma and non-thyroid/parathyroid head neck surgery. Due to rarity of thyroid storm in head and neck trauma/surgery patients, its diagnosis becomes challenging, is often misdiagnosed and causes delay in the diagnosis and management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare systemic disease of unknown aetiology, characterised by necrotising granuloma formation and diffuse vasculitis. It typically affects the upper and lower respiratory tract in addition to the kidneys. Without treatment, the 2-year mortality rate exceeds 90%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: The aim of the present study was to carefully translate and psychometrically validate the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) in Hindi language for Hindi-speaking head and neck cancer (HNC) and oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) patients.
Materials And Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven HNC and OPMD patients were recruited for this study comprising of 111 oral cancer and 56 OPMD patients. According to internationally accepted guidelines, forward and backward translation procedures were performed, to develop a culturally acceptable version of DASS-21.
Enlargement of tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is seen in 1-29% of laryngectomee/laryngopharyngectomee using tracheoesophageal voice. It predisposes patient for recurrent aspiration pneumonia. Surgical closure of TEP is required in 30-67% of patients not responding to conservative measures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: More than 400,000 cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) are diagnosed every year worldwide and this is rising. Much of the increase has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV-positive OPSCC patients are often younger and have significantly improved survival relative to HPV-negative patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate whether and when Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) changes diagnosis and treatment plan in pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) with the aim to identify specific subgroups of patients for whom DISE should be especially considered.
Methods: A case-control study of DISE in 150 children with OSAS. Pre-operative OSA were assessed through detailed history, Chervin questionnaire, physical examination and overnight polysomnography.
Background: More than 400,000 cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are diagnosed each year worldwide and the incidence is rising, partly as a result of human papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus-associated OPSCC affects younger patients and often presents at a higher stage; however, it is associated with a better prognosis.Until recently, first-line management of OPSCC involved chemoradiotherapy, as research had demonstrated comparable survival outcomes when compared with open surgery, with significantly decreased morbidity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a tumor of intermediate malignant potential derived from vascular endothelial cells. Due to rarity of head neck KHE (HN-KHE) this comprehensive review aims to compile, analyze and present details to develop a consensus and augment available literature on HN-KHE.
Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Science Citation Index for HN-KHE using MeSH words.
Anatomical variants that affect both the anterior and posterior digastric muscles are well described, and include duplications and variable origin or sites of insertion. Although agenesis or atrophy of the anterior digastric occurs in up to 40% of patients with hemifacial microsomia, to our knowledge, it has been reported only rarely in those without this syndrome. To minimise observer bias and to establish the incidence of anomalies and atrophy of this muscle, a prospective 6-year study was conducted by an experienced consultant radiologist in all patients referred for ultrasound of the head and neck.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHead and neck Langerhans cell sarcoma (HNLCS) is a rare malignant tumor carrying a poor prognosis. The aim of this work was to perform a systematic review of HNLCS cases, examine outcomes, and develop an evidence-based management algorithm. We performed a systematic literature search yielding 16 studies with 17 cases of HNLCS; 33 studies with 55 Non-HNLCS were used as a comparison.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInverted papilloma (IP) is a sinonasal tumor of benign etiology with local invasion and malignant potential. IP arising in lacrimal sac invading the orbit is extremely rare with only one case reported so far. The presented case appears to be the second such case reported in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare malignant tumour of Langerhans cells with a poor outcome. Given its rarity, there is a lack of evidence regarding the most appropriate treatment for this condition. Therefore the aim of this work was to review, compile, analyse and present clinical details and to determine the optimal treatment regimen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCases involving more than two primary malignant neoplasms are very rare. The present article reports a case of multiple primary malignant neoplasms including esophagus initially followed by right breast and later base of tongue in an elderly male patient, which is extremely a rare combination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Acoustic evaluation of speech is the least explored method of speech evaluation in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore acoustic parameters of speech and their correlation with questionnaire evaluation and perceptual evaluation in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer.
Methods: One hundred seventeen subjects (65 consecutive patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer and 52 controls) participated in this study.
Squamous cell carcinoma involving the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx regions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The recent discovery of a strong association between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and OC and oropharyngeal (OP) cancer has prompted world-wide research into the exact etiology and pathogenesis of these cancers in relation to the HPV. HPV-positive OC/OP cancers generally present at a relatively advanced stage (by virtue of cervical nodal involvement) and are more commonly seen in younger patients without significant exposure to alcohol or tobacco.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIatrogenic complications associated with current treatment protocols for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma are noted to cause high rates of acute and chronic morbidity. The aims of this study are to provide an overview of the current de-escalation trials for human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal carcinoma and to evaluate the evidence supporting improved response to treatment of patients within this viral cohort. This study reviewed all completed or in progress randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing clinical interventions for human papillomavirus-associated locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHead and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy agents may develop altered taste acuity. This, together with radiation induced xerostomia and dysphagia, is a major contributory factor to the anorexia and concomitant morbidity often seen in this group of patients. This paper examines the existing literature in order to assess the prevalence of clinician and patient-reported dysgeusia in HNC patients undergoing oncological treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Vocal process granulomas (VPGs) are benign laryngeal lesions with controversial treatment and a tendency to recur. There are several treatment options with unpredictable results, high recurrence rates, and disappointing long-term outcome. The aims of this article are to focus on evidence-based current treatment strategies for primary lesions and recurrences.
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