In search of herbistasis: COT-metsulfuron methyl displays rare herbistatic properties.

Weed management is an essential intervention for maintaining food security and protecting biodiversity but is heavily reliant on chemical control measures (, herbicides). Concerningly, only one herbicide has been developed with a new mode of action (MOA) since the 1980s. Therefore, alternative strategies for preventing weed growth need to be explored.

Unique neural coding of crucial versus irrelevant plant odors in a hawkmoth.

The sense of smell is pivotal for nocturnal moths to locate feeding and oviposition sites. However, these crucial resources are often rare and their bouquets are intermingled with volatiles emanating from surrounding 'background' plants. Here, we asked if the olfactory system of female hawkmoths, , could differentiate between crucial and background cues.

Identification of western North Atlantic odontocete echolocation click types using machine learning and spatiotemporal correlates.

A combination of machine learning and expert analyst review was used to detect odontocete echolocation clicks, identify dominant click types, and classify clicks in 32 years of acoustic data collected at 11 autonomous monitoring sites in the western North Atlantic between 2016 and 2019. Previously-described click types for eight known odontocete species or genera were identified in this data set: Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris), Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris), Gervais' beaked whales (Mesoplodon europaeus), Sowerby's beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens), and True's beaked whales (Mesoplodon mirus), Kogia spp., Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus).

Achieving effective patient outcomes with PolyMem Silicone Border.

Clinicians are under increasing pressure to provide high-quality patient outcomes at a reduced cost. Increasingly, community staff must acquire knowledge on advanced wound care products to cope with the growing caseload demands. This article describes the use of PolyMem® dressings to reduce pain, inflammation, oedema and bruising and their ability to debride and absorb exudate while providing an optimum healing environment.

A preliminary investigation of sound-field amplification as an inclusive classroom adjustment for children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if sound-field amplification (SFA) could be used as an inclusive classroom adjustment to support primary school students with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Methods: A two-group, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with crossover was conducted involving 13 students with ASD (9 males, aged 7.6 to 8.

Interactions of Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae and Adults With Four Native Host Plants Relative to Field Use Patterns.

Generalist insect herbivores may be recorded from a great variety of host plants. Under natural conditions, however, they are almost invariably associated with a few primary host species on which most of the juveniles develop. We experimentally investigated the interaction of the generalist moth Helicoverpa punctigera Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with four of its native host plants, two designated primary hosts and two secondary hosts (based on field observations).

Progression of phosphine resistance in susceptible (Herbst) populations under different immigration regimes and selection pressures.

Insecticide resistance is an escalating global issue for a wide variety of agriculturally important pests. The genetic basis and biochemical mechanisms of resistance are well characterized in some systems, but little is known about the ecological aspects of insecticide resistance. We therefore designed a laboratory experiment to quantify the progression of phosphine resistance in populations subject to different immigration regimes and selection pressures.

Tiny insects against the weather-flight and foraging patterns of Frankliniella schultzei (Thripidae) not altered by onset of rainfall.

To survive in nature, organisms may need to take direct action to mitigate specific dangers from their environmental surroundings. Tiny flying insects are thought to be at particular risk from rainfall that would be of negligible concern to larger animals. The study species Frankliniella schultzei is a thrips that inhabits flowers and feeds mostly on petal tissue and pollen.

Non-specific symbiotic germination of Cynorkis purpurea (Thouars) Kraezl., a habitat-specific terrestrial orchid from the Central Highlands of Madagascar.

Orchids, particularly terrestrial taxa, rely mostly on basidiomycete fungi in the Cantharellales and Sebacinales that trigger the process of seed germination and/or initiate the full development of the seedling. During the course of development, orchids may associate with the same fungus, or they may enlist other types of fungi for their developmental needs leading to resilience in a natural setting. This study examined in vitro seed germination and seedling developmental behavior of Cynorkis purpurea, a terrestrial orchid from the Central Highlands of Madagascar.

Species limits, quarantine risk and the intrigue of a polyphagous invasive pest with highly restricted host relationships in its area of invasion.

Scirtothrips aurantii is a generalist horticultural pest in its native African range and recently established quite widely in Australia on the invasive succulent weed Bryophyllum delagoense. Paradoxically, this thrips is not polyphagous in its incursive range. The issue is principally one of quarantine.

Sublethal exposure to phosphine decreases offspring production in strongly phosphine resistant female red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).

The red flour beetle is a cosmopolitan pest of stored grain and stored grain products. The pest has developed resistance to phosphine, the primary chemical used for its control. The reproductive output of survivors from a phosphine treatment is an important element of resistance development but experimental data are lacking.

A preliminary survey of interprofessional education.

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on interprofessional education (IPE) and report on a preliminary survey of the current status of interprofessional education in seven academic health centers (AHCs) that have schools of dentistry associated with them. There is wide variability in interpretation of the term "interprofessional," and many barriers to interprofessional education exist including already overcrowded curricula in health professions schools, lack of support from faculty and administration, and financial constraints. Based on interviews completed at the authors' home institutions, it was recommended that topics such as ethics, communication skills, evidence-based practice, and informatics could be effectively taught in an interprofessional manner.

Apexification: a review.

This paper reviews the rationale and techniques for treatment of the non-vital immature tooth. The importance of careful case assessment and accurate pulpal diagnosis in the treatment of immature teeth with pulpal injury cannot be overemphasized. The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling.

Endodontic retreatment: evaluating success and dealing with failures.

The outcome of endodontic treatment is not always easy to predict or assess. The ability to recognize success and evaluate the causes of failure is essential to effective root canal treatment. Utilizing recent advances in technique renders retreatment of failing cases very feasible and highly successful.

Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite posts.

Statement Of Problem: The most recent application of fiber-reinforced composites involves their use as post and core systems to restore endodontically treated teeth. Even though this last application has been advertised and used clinically by many dentists, there is very little information regarding the physical properties of these post systems.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 3 fiber-reinforced composite post systems on the fracture resistance and mode of failure of endodontically treated teeth.

Evaluation of healing with use of an internal matrix to repair furcation perforations.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate healing responses following repair of furcation perforations, with and without an internal matrix. Two matrix materials, HAPSET (65% non-resorbable hydroxyapatite and 35% plaster of paris) and hydroxyapatite were compared.

Methodology: Four adult female baboons (Papio anubis) served as experimental models.

Emerging methods used in the prevention and repair of carious tissues.

A systematic review was undertaken to investigate four emerging methodologies that might be used in the prevention of caries and/or repair of carious tissues. These included a partitioned dentifrice, laser technology, fluoride-releasing dental materials, and for deep carious lesions, bone morphogenic protein (BMP) therapy. The search strategy was to review articles written in English, indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and published since 1976.

Enoxacin in the therapy of anal and pharyngeal gonococcal infections.

In this randomized double-blind study, 51 patients with uncomplicated anal or pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection were evaluated to determine the efficacy and safety of 200- or 400-mg of enoxacin twice a day for two days. Enoxacin cured all anal infections and 12 out of 13 pharyngeal infections. All 82 isolates of N.