Colistin antibacterial activity, clinical effectiveness, and mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance.

Following a period of disuse owing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, colistin has regained global attention as an antibiotic of last resort. The resurgence in its utilization has led to a concurrent increase in acquired resistance, presenting a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Predominantly, resistance mechanisms involve alterations in the lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure.

Assessing the Colorectal Cancer Landscape: A Comprehensive Exploration of Future Trends in 216 Countries and Territories from 2021 to 2040.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a significant global concern, presenting formidable challenges to healthcare systems and leading to substantial healthcare expenses. This study examines the projected prevalence and trends of CRC worldwide, encompassing 21 regions and 195 nations.

Methods: We employed an illness-death model (IDM) in order to forecast the anticipated prevalence of CRC by the year 2040.

The neural network RTNet exhibits the signatures of human perceptual decision-making.

Convolutional neural networks show promise as models of biological vision. However, their decision behaviour, including the facts that they are deterministic and use equal numbers of computations for easy and difficult stimuli, differs markedly from human decision-making, thus limiting their applicability as models of human perceptual behaviour. Here we develop a new neural network, RTNet, that generates stochastic decisions and human-like response time (RT) distributions.

Identifying the molecular basis of Laminin N-terminal domain Ca binding using a hybrid approach.

Ca is a highly abundant ion involved in numerous biological processes, particularly in multicellular eukaryotic organisms where it exerts many of these functions through interactions with Ca binding proteins. The laminin N-terminal (LN) domain is found in members of the laminin and netrin protein families where it plays a critical role in the function of these proteins. The LN domain of laminins and netrins is a Ca binding domain and in many cases requires Ca to perform its biological function.

A comparison between effects of sudoku and mandala painting on anxiety of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Introduction: Once diagnosed with breast cancer, many women may experience psychological complications, such as anxiety. The grueling treatments that such patients may undergo, for example, chemotherapy, not only cause specific complications for them but also increase their anxiety level. A technique to manage these psychological consequences in patients with breast cancer is to play Sudoku or do Mandala painting.

CFSSynergy: Combining Feature-Based and Similarity-Based Methods for Drug Synergy Prediction.

Drug synergy prediction plays a vital role in cancer treatment. Because experimental approaches are labor-intensive and expensive, computational-based approaches get more attention. There are two types of computational methods for drug synergy prediction: feature-based and similarity-based.

Demanded interdisciplinary subjects for integration in medical education program from the point of view of graduated medical physicians and senior medical students: a nationwide mixed qualitative-quantitative study from Iran.

Introduction: This study aimed to detect interdisciplinary subjects for integration into the medical education program of Iran.

Methods: A qualitative-quantitative method was used. Firstly, interdisciplinary subjects demanded by medical graduates and senior medical students were defined by qualitative study.

Adiponectin receptor 1 could explain the sex differences in molecular basis of cognitive improvements induced by exercise training in type 2 diabetic rats.

Adipokines dysregulation, the main reason for cognitive impairments (CI) induced by diabetes, shows a sex-dependent pattern inherently and in response to exercise. This study aimed to compare the attenuating effect of 8-week high intensity-interval training (HIIT) on type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced CI between male and female rats with a special focus on adiponectin and leptin. 28 male & 28 female Wistar rats with an average age of 8 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups: control (Con), exercise (EX), Diabetes (T2D), and Type 2 diabetes + exercise (T2D + Ex).

The timing of confidence computations in human prefrontal cortex.

Knowing when confidence computations take place is critical for building a mechanistic understanding of the neural and computational bases of metacognition. Yet, even though a substantial amount of research has focused on revealing the neural correlates and computations underlying human confidence judgments, very little is known about the timing of confidence computations. To understand when confidence is computed, we delivered single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at different times after stimulus presentation while subjects judged the orientation of a briefly presented visual stimulus and provided a confidence rating.

DeepTraSynergy: drug combinations using multimodal deep learning with transformers.

Motivation: Screening bioactive compounds in cancer cell lines receive more attention. Multidisciplinary drugs or drug combinations have a more effective role in treatments and selectively inhibit the growth of cancer cells.

Results: Hence, we propose a new deep learning-based approach for drug combination synergy prediction called DeepTraSynergy.

The timing of confidence computations in human prefrontal cortex.

Knowing when confidence computations take place is critical for building mechanistic understanding of the neural and computational bases of metacognition. Yet, even though substantial amount of research has focused on revealing the neural correlates and computations underlying human confidence judgments, very little is known about the timing of confidence computations. Subjects judged the orientation of a briefly presented visual stimulus and provided a confidence rating regarding the accuracy of their decision.

Phenomenological characterization of blood's intermediate shear rate: a new concept for hemorheology.

The phenomena of aggregation, breakdown, and disaggregation of the rouleaux of red blood cells (RBCs) in addition to deformability affect the human blood viscosity at different shear rates. In this study, the intermediate shear rate is introduced and defined when the effect of aggregation on the change of blood viscosity is diminished; and afterwards, the alteration in the blood viscosity is dominantly affected by the deformation of RBCs. With this respect, modeling the effective parameters on the blood shear-thinning behavior including hematocrit and plasma viscosity was performed for the two different shear regions discriminated by the proposed intermediate shear rates.

Complementary and alternative medicine application in cancer patients in Iran.

Purpose: Nowadays, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by cancer patients all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CAM use in patients with cancer in Iran.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 320 cancer patients in Arak.

TMS Does Not Increase BOLD Activity at the Site of Stimulation: A Review of All Concurrent TMS-fMRI Studies.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used for understanding brain function in neurologically intact subjects and for the treatment of various disorders. However, the precise neurophysiological effects of TMS at the site of stimulation remain poorly understood. The local effects of TMS can be studied using concurrent TMS-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a technique where TMS is delivered during fMRI scanning.

Exposure keratopathy and its associated risk factors in patients undergoing general anesthesia in nonocular surgeries.

Introduction: The most common eye injury during and after general anesthesia is corneal abrasion which can occur at any time after anesthesia and even up to 24 h after it. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and factors associated with corneal injury in patients undergoing nonocular surgery.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.

The Effects of Passive Blinking on Exposure Keratopathy among Patients in Intensive Care Units.

Background: Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are at risk of eye disorders such as Exposure keratopathy (EK) due to impaired blinking and incomplete eye closure. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of passive blinking exercise (PBE) on EK among patients in ICUs.

Materials And Methods: This single-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted in 2017.

Elimination of Induced Hypoxic Regions in Depth of 3D Porous Silk Scaffolds by the Introduction of Channel Configuration.

Development of large, clinically sized tissue constructs with efficient mass transport is a tremendous need in tissue engineering. One major challenge in large tissue-engineered constructs is to support homogeneous delivery of oxygen and nutrients throughout the tissue scaffold while eliminating induced hypoxic regions in depth. To address this goal, we introduced an especial channeled architecture on porous silk-based tissue scaffolds to improve supplying of oxygen to the cells in central regions of the scaffolds.

Chemical bioactive profile of mountain celery as affected by vegetative stages.

Mountain celery (MC) is an endemic plant native to Iran. The plant possesses several nutritional and industrial applications bestowed by a wide range of bioactive compounds. The present study investigated some changes in the chemical composition of fresh arial parts of MC at different vegetative stages.

A novel chloride selective potentiometric sensor based on graphitic carbon nitride/silver chloride (g-CN/AgCl) composite as the sensing element.

In this research, AgCl anchored graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) was introduced as a novel potentiometric sensing element. A g-CN/AgCl-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was fabricated and used as an outstandingly selective potentiometric sensor to determine Cl in water samples. The g-CN/AgCl nanocomposite was characterized with SEM, XRD and FT-IR techniques.

An Insight Into Detection Pathways/Biosensors of Highly Infectious Coronaviruses.

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have inflicted a substantial damage on the world. In this study, it was attempted to review the recent coronaviruses appeared among the human being and their epidemic/pandemic spread throughout the world. Currently, there is an inevitable need for the establishment of a quick and easily available biosensor for tracing COVID-19 in all countries.