Perforations following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a single institution experience and surgical recommendations.

Background: Perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is uncommon, and its management is dependent on the mechanism and the graded classification of injury.

Methods: Records of patients undergoing ERCP were analyzed over a 16-year period, patterning the types of injuries, diagnosis, management, and patient outcome. Type I injuries damage the medial or lateral duodenal wall before sphincter cannulation.