Attention and emotion in adolescents with ADHD; a time-varying functional connectivity study.

Background: This study assessed adolescent brain-behavior relationships between large-scale dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) and an integrated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) phenotype, including measures of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity and emotional dysregulation. Despite emotion dysregulation being a core clinical feature of ADHD, studies rarely assess its impact on large-scale FNC.

Methods: We conducted resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 78 adolescents (34 with ADHD) and obtained experimental and self-reported measures of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and emotional reactivity.

Comparison of four concentration methods of adenovirus, norovirus and rotavirus in tap water.

Human enteric viruses, as adenovirus (HAdV), norovirus (HuNoV) and rotavirus (RVA) are significant causes of gastroenteritis associated with consumption of contaminated water worldwide. Various methods have been described for their detection and monitoring in water. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of four conditions for concentrating HAdV, HuNoV and RVA from water matrices, in order to develop a single protocol that could simultaneously concentrate all target viruses from tap water.

Longitudinal Analysis of Brain Function-Structure Dependencies in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Psychotic Symptoms.

Background: Compared with conventional unimodal analysis, understanding how brain function and structure relate to one another opens a new biologically relevant assessment of neural mechanisms. However, how function-structure dependencies (FSDs) evolve throughout typical and abnormal neurodevelopment remains elusive. The 22q11.

Pharmacological profile of agmatine: An in-depth overview.

Agmatine, a naturally occurring polyamine derived from arginine via arginine decarboxylase, has been shown to play multifaceted roles in the mammalian body, impacting a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. This comprehensive review delineates the significant insights into agmatine's pharmacological profile, emphasizing its structure and metabolism, neurotransmission and regulation, and pharmacokinetics and function. Agmatine's biosynthesis is highly conserved across species, highlighting its fundamental role in cellular functions.

Upregulation of Nrf2 in myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and is characterized by ischemic necrosis of an area of the myocardium permanently devoid of blood supply. During reperfusion, reactive oxygen species are released and this causes further insult to the myocardium, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Since Nrf2 is a key regulator of redox balance, it is essential to determine its contribution to these two disease processes.

Assessing Adherence to Royal College of Surgeons Guidelines: A Closed-Loop Audit of Operation Notes in a Tertiary Healthcare Unit.

Introduction Accurate, comprehensive, and legible operation notes are essential for maintaining patient records, supporting healthcare professionals, and facilitating research. The study focused on adherence to Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) guidelines established in 2008. Despite the guidelines, poor documentation practices have been reported globally.

Mentalizing in Adolescents and Young Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Associations with Age and Attention Problems.

Introduction: Growing, albeit heterogenous evidence questions whether attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with socio-cognitive impairments, especially beyond childhood. This study focuses on mentalizing - the socio-cognitive ability to attribute and reason in terms of mental states. We aimed to characterize mentalizing performance in terms of correct scores and types of errors in adolescents and young adults with ADHD.

Development of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging platform and metrics to quantify electrostimulation-induced peripheral nerve injury in a small animal model.

Significance: Neuromodulation devices are rapidly evolving for the treatment of neurological diseases and conditions. Injury from implantation or long-term use without obvious functional losses is often only detectable through terminal histology. New technologies are needed that assess the peripheral nervous system (PNS) under normal and diseased or injured conditions.

Inhibition of drug induced Parkinsonism by chronic supplementation of quercetin in haloperidol-treated wistars.

Haloperidol is a neuroleptic medication that is used to treat a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions. It has been shown to produce medicinal effects against hyperactivity, agitation and mania, as well as schizophrenia. Long-term usage of haloperidol raises the risk of acquiring a neurological condition like Parkinson's disease.

The continuum of attention dysfunction: Evidence from dynamic functional network connectivity analysis in neurotypical adolescents.

The question of whether attention-related disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are best understood as clinical categories or as extreme ends of a spectrum is an ongoing debate. Assessing individuals with varying degrees of attention problems and utilizing novel methodologies to assess relationships between attention and brain activity may provide key information to support the spectrum hypothesis. We scanned 91 neurotypical adolescents during rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Neural Basis of Internal Attention in Adults with Pure and Comorbid ADHD.

Objective: To examine whether putatively atypical neuronal activity during internal attention in ADHD yields insights into processes underlying emotion dysregulation.

Methods: We used a word processing paradigm to assess neural activations in adults with ADHD ( = 46) compared to controls ( = 43). We measured effects of valence, applied partial-least squares correlation analysis to assess multivariate brainbehavior relationships and ran subgroup analyses to isolate results driven by pure ADHD ( = 18).

The role of embryonic stem cells, transcription and growth factors in mammals: A review.

Mammals represent a relevant species in worldwide cultures with significant commercial value. These animals are considered an attractive large animal model for biomedical and biotechnology research. The development of large animal experimental models may open alternative strategies for investigating stem cells (SCs) physiology and potential application in the veterinary field.

Quercetin impact against psychological disturbances induced by fat rich diet.

Obesity is a metabolic disease which promotes by consuming fat rich diet. The consequences may include leptin resistant and initiation of metabolic syndromes. Beside the fact, obesity has psychological impacts it act as a signal of depression by stimulating endogenous stress stimulation.

Extraction of Bioactive Compounds for Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antidiabetic Applications.

This study was designed to check the potential of secondary metabolites of the selected plants; Citrullus colocynthis, Solanum nigrum, Solanum surattense, Calotropis procera, Agave americana, and Anagallis arvensis for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic agents. Plant material was soaked in ethanol/methanol to get the crude extract, which was further partitioned via solvent extraction technique. GCMS and FTIR analytical techniques were applied to check the compounds responsible for causing antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities.

Maternal mortality and its prominence in the Syrian Arab Republic: Challenges, efforts, and recommendations.

WHO has brought to light how the Maternal Mortality Ratio is alarmingly high in countries like Syria because women lack basic necessities such as access to proper healthcare, resources, and information. With the ongoing war, COVID-19 pandemic, and other resultant factors are converging to further exacerbate Syria's current collapsing situation. Leading to an increasing number of maternal mortality cases, with the country's economy and its disparities making it nearly impossible for Syria to recover.

Willingness and Perceptions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose in Pakistani Vaccinated Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine booster dose willingness and identify predictors and factors of willingness and hesitance in the vaccinated population of Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was undertaken between January and February 2022 to highlight the public perceptions regarding the COVID-19 booster dose and evaluate the willingness to get the additional dose. Demographic information and booster dose willingness were recorded through the questionnaire.

High resolution voltammetric and field-effect transistor readout of carbon fiber microelectrode biosensors.

Rapid and sensitive pH measurements with increased spatiotemporal resolution are imperative to probe neurochemical signals and illuminate brain function. We interfaced carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) sensors with both fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and field-effect transistor (FET) transducers for dynamic pH measurements. The electrochemical oxidation and reduction of functional groups on the surface of CFMEs affect their response over a physiologically relevant pH range.

Modified Sawhorse Waveform for the Voltammetric Detection of Oxytocin.

Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) have been used to detect neurotransmitters and other biomolecules using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) for the past few decades. This technique measures neurotransmitters such as dopamine and, more recently, physiologically relevant neuropeptides. Oxytocin, a pleiotropic peptide hormone, is physiologically important for adaptation, development, reproduction, and social behavior.

Multiplexing neurochemical detection with carbon fiber multielectrode arrays using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry.

Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) have been extensively used to measure neurotransmitters with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) due to their ability to adsorb cationic monoamine neurotransmitters. Although FSCV, in tandem with CFMEs, provides high temporal and spatial resolution, only single-channel potentiostats and electrodes have been primarily utilized. More recently, the need and use of carbon fiber multielectrode arrays has risen to target multiple brain regions.

Review-Recent Advances in FSCV Detection of Neurochemicals via Waveform and Carbon Microelectrode Modification.

Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an analytical technique that was first developed over 30 years ago. Since then, it has been extensively used to detect dopamine using carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs). More recently, electrode modifications and waveform refinement have enabled the detection of a wider variety of neurochemicals including nucleosides such as adenosine and guanosine, neurotransmitter metabolites of dopamine, and neuropeptides such as enkephalin.

Impact of couple conflict and mediation on how romantic partners are seen: An fMRI study.

Previous studies on romantic love have reported increased neural activity in the brain's reward circuitry such as the striatum. To date, the extent to which this activity is modulated by couple conflict in general and mediated couple conflict in particular, is unknown. The present study seeks to fill this gap by randomly assigning 36 romantic heterosexual couples to a mediated or non-mediated conflict discussion.

Longitudinal multimodal assessment of neurodegeneration and vascular remodeling correlated with signal degradation in chronic cortical silicon microelectrodes.

: Cortically implanted microelectrode arrays provide a direct interface with neuronal populations and are used to restore movement capabilities and provide sensory feedback to patients with paralysis or amputation. Penetrating electrodes experience high rates of signal degradation within the first year that limit effectiveness and lead to eventual device failure. : To assess vascular and neuronal changes over time in mice with implanted electrodes and examine the contribution of the brain tissue response to electrode performance.