Association between higher duodenal levels of the fructose carrier glucose transporter-5 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis.

Background: An increased dietary fructose intake has been shown to exert several detrimental metabolic effects and contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An augmented intestinal abundance of the fructose carriers glucose transporter-5 (GLUT-5) and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) has been found in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we investigated whether elevated intestinal levels of GLUT-5 and GLUT-2, resulting in a higher dietary fructose uptake, are associated with NAFLD and its severity.

Obesity and overweight are linked to increased sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 and glucose transporter 5 levels in duodenum.

Objective: Prior evidence indicates that individuals with obesity have an accelerated intestinal glucose absorption. This cross-sectional study evaluated whether those with overweight or obesity display higher duodenal protein levels of the glucose carriers sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), and glucose transporter 5 (GLUT-5).

Methods: SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-5 protein levels were assessed on duodenal mucosa biopsies of 52 individuals without diabetes categorized on the basis of their BMI as lean, with overweight, or with obesity.

Augmented duodenal levels of sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 are associated with higher risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and noninvasive index of liver fibrosis.

Aims: Subjects with elevated 1 h post-load glucose concentrations (1hPG) exhibit increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and duodenal sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT-1) levels. Herein, we evaluate whether higher SGLT-1 duodenal levels are associated with NAFLD and increased risk of advance liver fibrosis.

Methods: SGLT-1 levels were assessed on duodenal mucosa in 52 individuals subdivided into two groups according to ultrasonography-defined presence of NAFLD.

Real-life burden of adverse reactions to biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a single-centre prospective case series.

Background/aim: Biologics represent a key therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but are associated with several side effects. Post-marketing surveillance, through a spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) monitoring system, is essential to assess the safety profile of biologics. The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the occurrence of ADRs in IBD patients treated with biologics from a single centre in Southern Italy.

The Reality of Patient-Reported Outcomes of Health-Related Quality of Life in an Italian Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a negative impact on patients' physical and psychological well-being, social performance, and working capacity, thereby worsening their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Clinicians should take care of the patients' global health, including the psychological, social, and emotional spheres. We aimed to investigate the reality of patient-reported outcomes of HRQoL in a series of IBD patients.

Barriers and Facilitators in Conducting Clinical Trials in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Monocentric Italian Survey.

Background: Clinical therapeutic trials are a fundamental tool for identifying and testing new categories of drugs useful for ensuring clinical benefit in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). A number of difficulties may affect the recruitment process in large clinical trials.

Objectives: In order to increase the involvement of patients within clinical trials in IBD therapy, it is necessary to identify which factors could facilitate or discourage participation.

Self-Prescribed Dietary Restrictions are Common in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Are Associated with Low Bone Mineralization.

Despite the serious concerns of patients about the role of food in triggering or ameliorating their intestinal disease, there are few studies dealing with patients' beliefs and practices regarding diet in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate how the disease affected the dietary habits of patients with IBD, and to assess if patients' food restrictions were responsible for low bone mineralization. For this study, 90 consecutive patients referred for IBD were interviewed regarding their dietary habits.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome According to the Roma IV Criteria: A Single-Center Italian Survey.

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as assessed by the Rome IV criteria. Consecutive patients referring for IBS were re-evaluated according to the Rome IV criteria. Demographic features and characteristics potentially associated with the use of CAM were collected.

Downregulation of Interleukin- (IL-) 17 through Enhanced Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Induction by Curcumin: A Potential Mechanism of Tolerance towards .

The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of curcumin suggest its use as an anti- () agent, but mechanisms underlying its helpful activity are still not clear. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) promotes the effector T cell apoptosis by catalyzing the rate-limiting first step in tryptophan catabolism, and its high expression in -infected human gastric mucosa attenuates Th1 and Th17 immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of curcumin in modulating the expression of IL-17 and IDO in -infected human gastric mucosa.

Oleuropein Decreases Cyclooxygenase-2 and Interleukin-17 Expression and Attenuates Inflammatory Damage in Colonic Samples from Ulcerative Colitis Patients.

Oleuropein (OLE) is the major phenolic secoiridoid of olive tree leaves, and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have been demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of OLE in the colonic mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Biopsies obtained during colonoscopy from 14 patients with active UC were immediately placed in an organ culture chamber and challenged with lipopolysaccharide from (EC-LPS) at 1 μg/mL in the presence or absence of 3 mM OLE.

Normal Bone Mineral Density Associates with Duodenal Mucosa Healing in Adult Patients with Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet.

Impairment of bone mineral density (BMD) is frequent in celiac disease (CD) patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD). The normalization of intestinal mucosa is still difficult to predict. We aim to investigate the relationship between BMD and duodenal mucosa healing (DMH) in CD patients on a GFD.