The Real-World Observational Prospective Study of Health Outcomes with Dulaglutide and Liraglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (TROPHIES): Design and Baseline Characteristics.

Introduction: The TROPHIES observational study enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) initiating their first injectable treatment with the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) dulaglutide or liraglutide. This manuscript focuses on the study design, baseline characteristics of the enrolled population, and factors associated with GLP-1 RA choice.

Methods: TROPHIES is a prospective, observational, 24-month study conducted in France, Germany, and Italy.

Changing the approach to type 2 diabetes treatment: A comparison of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sulphonylureas across the continuum of care.

Despite the importance of individualised strategies for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the availability of alternative treatments, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), sulphonylureas are still widely used in practice. Clinical evidence shows that GLP-1 RAs may provide better and more durable glycaemic control than sulphonylureas, with lower risk of hypoglycaemia. Other reported benefits of GLP-1 RAs include weight loss rather than weight gain (as observed with sulphonylureas), blood pressure reduction and improvement in lipid profiles.

Once-weekly dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in the early control of fasting serum glucose and HbA1c.

Aims: To determine the early benefit:risk balance of dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This post hoc analysis used data from a randomized, open-label study (AWARD-2; modified intention-to-treat group) in which suboptimally controlled metformin + glimepiride-treated patients received dulaglutide 1.5 mg (n = 273) or insulin glargine (n = 262).

Dulaglutide is an effective treatment for lowering HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of body mass index.

Aim: To assess the relationship between baseline body mass index (BMI) and glycaemic control in dulaglutide-treated patients, a post hoc analysis was conducted on HbA1c and baseline BMI data from eight AWARD studies, with a total of 5770 patients.

Materials And Methods: Changes from baseline in HbA1c data from patients treated with 1.5 mg or 0.

Change in HbA Across the Baseline HbA Range in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Receiving Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Other Incretin Agents.

Introduction: This exploratory post hoc analysis investigated the relative changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with dulaglutide versus active comparators across a continuous range of baseline HbA values using data from three phase III randomised controlled trials.

Methods: Data from patients receiving once-weekly dulaglutide 0.75 and 1.

Patient preferences and health state utilities associated with dulaglutide and semaglutide injection devices among patients with type 2 diabetes in Italy.

Several glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are available as weekly injections for treatment of type 2 diabetes. These medications vary in their injection devices, and these differences could impact quality-of-life and patient preference. The purpose of this study was to examine patient preferences and estimate health state utilities associated with injection devices for two weekly GLP-1 therapies.

Short- and long-term responsiveness to low dose growth hormone (GH) in adult GH deficiency: Role of GH receptor polymorphism.

In patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD), low doses of recombinant human GH (rhGH) have a similar or better long-term clinical effect than higher doses. Pharmacogenetic studies suggest that GH receptor (GHR) polymorphism only influences some metabolic parameters. Nonetheless, there is no clear scientific evidence proving the effects of lower rhGH dose regimens on metabolic parameters.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes treatment: are they all the same?

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) are an important class of drugs with a well-established efficacy and safety profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Agents in this class are derived from either exendin-4 (a compound present in Gila monster venom) or modifications of human GLP-1 active fragment. Differences among these drugs in duration of action (ie, short-acting vs long-acting), effects on glycaemic control and weight loss, immunogenicity, tolerability profiles, and administration routes offer physicians several options when selecting the most appropriate agent for individual patients.

Patient preferences in Italy: health state utilities associated with attributes of weekly injection devices for treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Several glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are administered as weekly injections for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). These medications vary in their injection processes, and a recent study in the UK found that these differences had an impact on patient preference and health state utilities. The purpose of this study was to replicate the UK study in Italy to examine preferences of an Italian patient sample, while allowing for comparison between utilities in the UK and Italy.

Adherence to antihyperglycemic medications and glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: clinical consequences and strategies for improvement.

Adherence to antihyperglycemic medications is often suboptimal in patients with type 2 diabetes, and this can contribute to poor glycemic control, increased hospitalization, and the development of diabetic complications. Reported adherence rates to antihyperglycemics vary widely among studies, and this may be related to differences in methodology for measuring adherence, patient populations, and other factors. Poor adherence may occur regardless of the specific regimen used and whether therapy is oral or injectable, and can be especially common in chronic, asymptomatic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes.

Insulin therapy in neonatal diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature.

Aims: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare disorder, and guidance is limited regarding its optimal management. We reviewed insulin usage in NDM, with a focus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

Methods: A PubMed search identified 40 reports of patients with NDM treated with insulin published between 1994 and 2016.

Insulin lispro protamine suspension in the treatment of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of published data.

Introduction: Insulin lispro protamine suspension (ILPS) is a protamine-based insulin lispro formulation that allows 24-h coverage while limiting the number of daily injections. ILPS was developed to be the basal insulin component of premixed biphasic formulations with insulin lispro, i.e.

Insulin lispro protamine suspension in intensive insulin treatment: an Italian observational study.

Objective: This observational study examined the effects of insulin lispro protamine suspension (ILPS) given as basal insulin in intensive insulin regimens in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended a reference outpatient centre for the treatment of diabetes due to poor glycaemic control, frequent hypoglycaemia or intolerance to previous therapy.

Methods: The study population included 64 patients, 33 male and 31 female, mean age 59.6 years; 50 patients were receiving an insulin regimen, while 14 had previously been treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

Fracture incidence and characterization in patients on osteoporosis treatment: the ICARO study.

Unlabelled: None of the available osteoporosis therapies have been shown to completely abolish the risk of fractures. In clinical practice, the outcome may be even poorer. In 880 patients prescribed with antiresorptives (alendronate, risedronate, and raloxifene) for >1 year, a fragility fracture was recorded in 8.