Neuroimaging of the Most Common Meningitis and Encephalitis of Adults: A Narrative Review.

Meningitis is the infection of the meninges, which are connective tissue membranes covering the brain, and it most commonly affects the leptomeninges. Clinically, meningitis may present with fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status, headache, vomiting, and neurological deficits. Encephalitis is an infection of the brain, which usually presents with fever, altered mental status, neurological deficits, and seizure.

Infarct-like versus Non-Infarct-like Clinical Presentation of Acute Myocarditis: Comparison of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Findings.

Background: The clinical presentation of acute myocarditis (AM) is widely variable, ranging from a subclinical disease to an infarct-like syndrome. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has become the reference non-invasive diagnostic tool for suspected AM, allowing the identification of the various hallmarks of myocardial inflammation (edema, fibrosis, and hyperemia). The aim of the study was to investigate any differences in morphological, functional, and tissue characterization CMR parameters between infarct-like AM in patients with unobstructed coronary arteries and non-infarct-like AM, diagnosed according to the original Lake-Louise Criteria (LLC); Methods: We retrospectively selected 39 patients diagnosed with AM according to LLC, divided into 2 groups according to the clinical presentation: infarct-like in group 1 patients and non-infarct-like in group 2 patients.

Conventional and Advanced MRI Techniques in the Evaluation of Primary CNS Lymphoma.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that accounts for 1%-5% of all central nervous system tumors. Contrast-enhanced MR is the imaging technique of choice. PCNLs have a predilection for the periventricular and superficial regions, often abutting the ventricular or meningeal surfaces.

Giant Tumefactive Perivascular Space: Advanced Fusion MR Imaging and Tractography Study-A Case Report and a Systematic Review.

Perivascular spaces (PVSs) are small extensions of the subpial cerebrospinal space, pial-lined and interstitial fluid-filled. They surround small penetrating arteries, and veins, crossing the subarachnoid space to the brain tissue. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) shows a PVS as a round-shape or linear structure, isointense to the cerebrospinal fluid, and, if larger than 1.

Alert Germ Infections: Chest X-ray and CT Findings in Hospitalized Patients Affected by Multidrug-Resistant Pneumonia.

Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobials. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the imaging features on chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans in hospitalized patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Ab pneumonia. CXR and CT findings were graded on a three-point scale: 1 represents normal attenuation, 2 represents ground-glass attenuation, and 3 represents consolidation.

Can Craniometry Play a Role in Cluster Headache Diagnosis? A Pilot Exploratory TC-3D Based Study.

Background: Since the pioneering reports of the so-called leonine face in cluster headache (CH) patients, cranial and facial features of these patients have been poorly investigated with conflicting results. We aimed to investigate whether abnormalities in craniometric measurements could characterize male CH patients and represent reliable and reproducible diagnostic biomarkers able to identify CH patients.

Methods: Brain CT images were recorded between 2018 and 2020 in 24 male patients with CH and in 24 matched healthy controls (HC).

Qualitative versus automatic evaluation of CT perfusion parameters in acute posterior circulation ischaemic stroke.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy (ACC) in the detection of acute posterior circulation strokes between qualitative evaluation of software-generated colour maps and automatic assessment of CT perfusion (CTP) parameters.

Methods: Were retrospectively collected 50 patients suspected of acute posterior circulation stroke who underwent to CTP (GE "Lightspeed", 64 slices) within 24 h after symptom onset between January 2016 and December 2018. The Posterior circulation-Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) was used for quantifying the extent of ischaemic areas on non-contrast (NC)CT and colour-coded maps generated by CTP4 (GE) and RAPID (iSchemia View) software.

Orbital myeloid sarcoma (chloroma): Report of 2 cases and literature review.

Purpose: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) of the orbit is an uncommon condition in occurring in children, generally coupled to myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Observations: We describe two rare cases of orbital MS in young boys with aggressive local symptoms but without evidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), both patients underwent orbitotomy for gross-tumor resection and biopsy. At follow up, there was no evidence of recurrence nor evolution of the myeloproliferative neoplasms clinically and by radiological and laboratory work-up.

ODLURO syndrome: personal experience and review of the literature.

Introduction: The O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan (ODLURO) syndrome, caused by heterozygous mutation in the lysine N-methyltransferase2E (KMT2E) gene in chromosome 7q22, has been recently described. Mutation of KMT2E produces a protein-truncating variant gene that may be responsible for both developmental delay and intellectual disability disorders commonly defined by an Intelligence Quotient < 70 and usually unspecific pathologic brain features demonstrated by brain Magnetic Resonance imaging. The symptoms of ODLURO syndrome include variably developmental and speech delay, autism, seizures, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features.

Upper Eyelid Isolated Arterio-Venous Malformation Treated With Embolization in a Patient With Keloid-Prone Skin.

Ocular adnexal aterio-venous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital disabling anomalies, which may enlarge causing disfiguring deformity and rarely severe hemorrhage. These lesions are generally treated by preliminary endovascular embolization to shrink the arterio-venous malformation, followed by surgical gross total resection. The authors report a case of eyelid arterio-venous malformation in a 12-year-old girl, which progressively increased in size in few months.

An intramedullary "flame" recognized as being an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from esophageal cancer.

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases are rarely encountered in patients suffering from extra - central nervous system primary cancer, with only 2 described cases reported in the literature deriving from esophageal cancer. Intramedullary spinal cord metastases may occur at any level of the spinal cord but cervical location is the most frequent. We report the first case of intramedullary metastasis affecting the thoracic spinal cord from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a 35-year-old patient.

Looking for Lepidic Component inside Invasive Adenocarcinomas Appearing as CT Solid Solitary Pulmonary Nodules (SPNs): CT Morpho-Densitometric Features and 18-FDG PET Findings.

Objective: To investigate CT morphologic and densitometric features and 18-FDG PET findings of surgically excised lung adenocarcinomas "mixed subtype" with predominant lepidic component, appearing as solid solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) on CT scan.

Materials And Methods: Approval for this study was given from each local institutional review board according to its retrospective nature. Nodules pathologically classified as lung adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with bronchioloalveolar otherwise lepidic predominant component, in three different Italian institutions (Napoli; Varese; Parma), were retrospectively selected.

Noninvasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer: Role in Diagnosis and Personalised Treatment Perspectives.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It has been estimated that more than one-third of patients are diagnosed when CRC has already spread to the lymph nodes. One out of five patients is diagnosed with metastatic CRC.

Radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma.

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone neoplasm with a reported incidence of 2-3% among all bone primary tumors. Although it is a small and benign lesion, it is often cause of patient complaint and discomfort. It is generally characterized by a long lasting, unremitting pain that typically exacerbates at night, often leading to sleep deprivation and functional limitation of the skeletal segment involved, with a significant reduction of patient daily life activities and consequent worsening of the overall quality of life.

Dynamic MRI in the evaluation of the spine: state of the art.

Introduction: Degenerative disease of the spine is a generic term encompassing a wide range of different disease processes, which leads to spinal instability; traumatic/neoplastic events can accelerate this aging process. Therefore, the dynamic nature of the spine and its mobility across multiple segments is difficult to depict with any single imaging modality.

Methods: A review of PubMed databases for articles published about kMRI in patients with cervical and lumbar spinal desease was performed.

Mandatory Reporting of Coronary Artery Calcifications Incidentally Noted on Chest Multi-Detector Computed Tomography: A Multicentre Experience.

Background: Coronary Artery Calcifications (CACs) are associated with coronary atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular (CV) events. In "non-cardiovascular" settings, CACs can be easily detected on chest Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT). Their evaluation may help to better stratify CV risk in the general population, especially for primary prevention.

Percutaneous needle biopsy of mediastinal masses under C-arm conebeam CT guidance: diagnostic performance and safety.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous needle biopsy of mediastinal masses under conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) and "XperGuide" navigation guidance. From September 2013 to April 2016, 40 patients (25 men and 15 women; mean age 52.5 years; range 18.

Concurrent chemotherapy alone versus irreversible electroporation followed by chemotherapy on survival in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most fatal cancers, characterized by aggressive tumor growth and a short patient survival time between diagnosis and death. Safe and effective treatment options are limited, especially in cases when surgical resection is not possible. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablation technique recently introduced in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Extra-pleuric coaxial system for CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of small (≤20 mm) lung nodules: a novel technique using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images.

The aim of the study is to present the diagnostic feasibility, usefulness, and safety of a novel technique for coaxial CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of small (≤20 mm in diameter) lung nodules. A 18-gauge (G) (1.2 × 40 mm) needle is inserted through the skin in the depth of the thoracic wall tissues remaining outside the pleura.

A challenging diagnosis of late-onset tumefactive multiple sclerosis associated to cervicodorsal syringomyelia: doubtful CT, MRI, and bioptic findings: Case report and literature review.

Background: Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unusual variant of demyelinating disease characterized by lesions with pseudotumoral appearance on radiological imaging mimicking other space-occupying lesions, such as neoplasms, infections, and infarction. Especially when the patient's medical history is incompatible with MS, the differential diagnosis between these lesions constitutes a diagnostic challenge often requiring histological investigation. An older age at onset makes distinguishing tumefactive demyelinating lesion (TDL) from tumors even more challenging.

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in the assessment of patients presenting with chest pain suspected for acute coronary syndrome.

Acute chest pain is an important clinical challenge and a major reason for presentation to the emergency department. Although multiple imaging techniques are available to assess patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), considerable interest has been focused on the use of non-invasive imaging options as coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). According to several recent evidences, CCTA has been shown to represent a useful tool to rapidly and accurately diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with low to intermediate cardiovascular risk.