The impact of time and storage conditions on samples containing OC pepper sprays on the quantitative ratios of capsaicinoids.

Pepper sprays of the OC type constitute the majority of self-defense sprays available on the market. The active ingredient in these preparations is pepper extract: Oleoresin Capsicum, which contains capsaicinoids - natural compounds with irritant properties. Preparations from OC pepper sprays can be distinguished based on differences in the quantitative ratios of four main capsaicinoids: capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, and nonivamide.

Differentiation of oleoresin capsicum sprays based on their capsaicinoid profiles.

Oleoresin capsicum (OC) sprays, often referred to as 'pepper sprays', contain a solution of active compounds, exerting an irritating effect on the human body. The active component of OC sprays are capsaicinoids, obtained by extraction from peppers. The profiles (quantitative relations) of natural capsaicinoids depend on the plant material, they were extracted from.

Chromatographic analysis of the traces of 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile with passive adsorption from the headspace on Tenax TA and Carbotrap 300.

The main purpose of the presented research was to check if CS agent (Chlorobenzylidenomalononitrile CAS 2698-41-1) can be separated from the forensic samples using passive adsorption from the headspace on the adsorption tubes and, if so, what are the optimal conditions of this process. Two different adsorbents were checked (adsorption tubes filled with Tenax TA and adsorption tubes filled with Carbotrap 300). Three different packages (gastight bags by Ampac, Nylon bags by BVDA and twist-off jars) were tried and the temperature range checked was 30°C-105°C.

Substrate interferences in identifying flammable liquids in food, environmental and biological samples: case studies.

The analysis of samples for traces of ignitable liquids is most often connected with suspected arson cases. In such cases, samples taken from the point of origin of the fire are analyzed for the presence of ignitable liquids. However, sometimes, in cases not connected with arson, there is a need to detect and identify traces of ignitable liquids.

Chemical analysis of post explosion samples obtained as a result of model field experiments.

Five different explosives were detonated in a series of field experiments. Each experiment (detonation of the charge of each specific explosive) was repeated three times. The experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, exceeding those of research published so far.

Comparison of new Ampac bags and FireDebrisPAK® bags as packaging for fire debris analysis.

The FireDebrisPAK(®) bags that were produced by Kapak were considered to be one of the best containers for fire debris. Kapak bags were discontinued; however, from July 2010, Ampac is offering a new packaging material. The aim of the presented research was to compare the properties (durability, background interferences, and permeability) of Kapak bags and packaging material offered by Ampac.

PRAXIS--combined mu-Raman and mu-XRF spectrometers in the examination of forensic samples.

Recently, two analytical techniques--Raman and XRF spectroscopy--have been often applied in criminalistic examinations of different kinds of trace evidences. In this paper, the application of the new combined mu-Raman and mu-XRF spectrometer in analysis of multilayer paint chips, modern inks, plastics and fibres was evaluated. It was ascertained that the apparatus possesses real advantages and could be helpful in the identification of examined materials after some modifications, i.

Comparison of the effectiveness of Tenax TA and Carbotrap 300 in concentration of flammable liquids compounds.

The aim of research was to compare two adsorbents, Tenax TA and Carbotrap 300, to evaluate their usefulness as passive adsorbents of flammable liquids compounds. It was also to determine whether Carbotrap 300 could be used in a passive adsorption mode, contrary to manufacturer recommendations. To compare the adsorption properties and the thermal desorption efficiency for Tenax TA and Carbotrap, the components of test mixture were adsorbed and then chromatographically analyzed.