Methods of Using a Manual Defibrillator during Simultaneous Cardiac Arrest in Two Patients-Analysis of the Actions of Emergency Medical Response Teams during the Championships in Emergency Medicine.

Conducting advanced resuscitation requires medical personnel to carry out appropriately coordinated actions. Certain difficulties arise when it becomes necessary to conduct cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on two patients at the same time. The aim of this paper was to assess the actions of teams participating in emergency medicine championships in tasks related to simultaneous cardiac arrests in two patients.

What Mistakes Can Be Made When Performing the Electrical Cardioversion Procedure?-Analysis of Emergency Medical Team Performance during the Championships in Emergency Medicine.

Background: Medical personnel carrying out electrical cardioversion (EC) procedures must remember to have the R-wave sync mode switched on, use the correct energy and maintain personal safety. The defibrillators used by medical response teams most often switch out of cardioversion mode once a shock is delivered. Therefore, this mode must be switched on again before subsequent shocks are delivered.

Assessment of the Severity of COVID-19 on the Basis of Examination and Laboratory Diagnostics in Relation to Computed Tomography Imagery of Patients Hospitalised Due to COVID-19-Single-Centre Study.

From the moment the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified in December 2019, the COVID-19 disease spread around the world, causing an increase in hospitalisations and deaths. From the beginning of the pandemic, scientists tried to determine the major cause that led to patient deaths. In this paper, the background to creating a research model was diagnostic problems related to early assessment of the degree of damage to the lungs in patients with COVID-19.

The role of PCSK9 in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases-mechanisms of action beyond its effect on LDL cholesterol.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is a protein that regulates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol metabolism by binding to the hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR), ultimately leading to its lysosomal degradation and an increase in LDL cholesterol (LDLc) levels. Treatment strategies have been developed based on blocking PCSK9 with specific antibodies (alirocumab, evolocumab) and on blocking its production with small regulatory RNA (siRNA) (inclisiran). Clinical trials evaluating these drugs have confirmed their high efficacy in reducing serum LDLc levels and improving the prognosis in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

Essential Amino Acids in the Diet of Children and Adolescents.

The increasing requirement for energy and nutrients as a child grows older may result in nutritional deficiencies. The research was to assess the intake level of essential amino acids in the daily diet of children and adolescents living in rural areas. The research was conducted using a questionnaire that analysed food products consumed every day.

Ferroptosis, Acyl Starvation, and Breast Cancer.

To maintain their growth rate, cancer cells must secure a supply of fatty acids, which are necessary for building cell membranes and maintaining energy processes. This is one of the reasons why tissues with intensive fatty acid metabolism, such as the mammary gland, are more likely to develop tumors. One natural or induced defense process against cancer is ferroptosis, which interferes with normal fatty acid metabolism.

Placental expression of Fatty Acid Desaturases 1, 2 and 3 in selected pregnancy pathologies.

Intrauterine development is a key period in human life. The foetal progress largely depends on the function of the placenta, whose responsibility is transportation and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Desaturation enzymes play a key role in placental fatty acid metabolism.

SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment-Mechanisms of Action and Emerging New Perspectives.

A new group of antidiabetic drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors), have recently been shown to have anticancer effects and their expression has been confirmed in many cancer cell lines. Given the metabolic reprogramming of these cells in a glucose-based model, the ability of SGLT-2 inhibitors to block the glucose uptake by cancer cells appears to be an attractive therapeutic approach. In addition to tumour cells, SGLT-2s are only found in the proximal tubules in the kidneys.

Analysis of Emergency Medical Response Team Performance during the International Winter Championships in Emergency Medicine.

: Conducting advanced life support (ALS) according to the guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) requires medical personnel to implement the appropriate emergency actions. In particular, these actions include chest compressions, airway management, artificial ventilation, defibrillation and the administering of medicines. An appropriate training system enables members of medical response teams (MRT) to acquire the essential knowledge and skills necessary to correctly conduct cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Factors which impact the length of hospitalisation and death rate of COVID-19 patients based on initial triage using capillary blood gas tests: a single centre study.

An important element in the effective treatment of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the pandemic is an effective early triage to determine patient allocation and in-patient therapy. This paper assesses the prognostic value of capillary blood gas tests in predicting extended hospitalisation and death due to COVID-19. This retrospective statistical research is based on a group of 200 patients, hospitalised from 15 October 2020 to 08 March 2021.

Lipid bands of approx. 1740 cm as spectral biomarkers and image of tissue oxidative stress.

Studies with the use of FTIR and FTR methods to find spectroscopic biomarkers within the 1740 cm band of pathological tissues found that oxidative stress, including damage to epidermis and structural changes in pathological amnion and placenta tissue, are associated with the occurrence of products of lipid peroxidation and have impact on fluidity and transport function of membranes. In particular, the findings show that the absence of a marker lipid band of approx. 1743 cm and the occurrence of a minimum of 1764 cm (FTIR) and 1734 cm (FTR) testify to the integrity and absence of damage in the allogeneic dermis, while the presence the 1743 or 1747 cm bands indicates denaturation of the thermally or electrically burned epidermis.

The Influence of Graphene Content on the Antibacterial Properties of Polycaprolactone.

This work contains an analysis of the impact of modifying a bioresorbable polymer-polycaprolactone (PCL)-with various additives on its antibacterial properties. To this end, samples of PCL filament containing various content levels of graphene (GNP), 0.5%, 5%, 10%, were obtained using injection molding.

Open craniocerebral trauma in a patient at work: A case report.

Background: Craniocerebral injuries belong to the category of bodily injuries which are characterised by high mortality and a high percentage of permanent effects in the form of disability. The likelihood of this injury exists in the workplace too. Performing works at a height or using high-pressure or mechanical machinery exposes employees to a higher risk of a craniocerebral injury.

Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assays as a Model of Patient-Derived Xenografts from Circulating Cancer Stem Cells (cCSCs) in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: cCSCs are a small subset of circulating tumor cells with cancer stem cell features: resistance to cancer treatments and the capacity for generating metastases. PDX are an appreciated tool in oncology, providing biologically meaningful models of many cancer types, and potential platforms for the development of precision oncology approaches. Commonly, mouse models are used for the in vivo assessment of potential new therapeutic targets in cancers.

Graphene Oxide as a Collagen Modifier of Amniotic Membrane and Burnt Skin.

Introduction: The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to answer the question of whether active antioxidants as graphene oxide (GO), sodium ascorbate, and L-ascorbic acid modify at a molecular and supramolecular level the tissue of pathological amnion and the necrotic eschar degraded in thermal burn. We propose new solutions of modifiers based on GO that will become innovative ingredients to be used in transplants (amnion) and enhance regeneration of epidermis degraded in thermal burn.

Methods: A Nicolet 6700 spectrophotometer with Omnic software and the EasiDiff diffusion accessory were used in FTIR spectroscopic analysis.

Analysis of the antibacterial properties of polycaprolactone modified with graphene, bioglass and zinc-doped bioglass.

Purpose: Innovative biomedical filaments for 3D printing in the form of short and biodegradable composite sticks modified with various additives were used to prepare biomaterials for further nasal implants. As the respiratory tract is considered to be potentially exposed to contamination during the implantation procedure there is a need to modify the implant with an antibacterial additives. The purpose of this work was to analyze the effect of biodegradable polymer - polycaprolactone (PCL) modification with various additives on its antibacterial properties.

Differences in Perceived Occupational Stress by Demographic Characteristics, of European Emergency Medical Services Personnel during the COVID-19 Virus Pandemic-An International Study.

Objectives: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought commercial, social, and economic consequences in every country that has experienced substantial SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. The complete change in the environment that took place due to the outbreak of the pandemic can lead to stressful situations, especially among healthcare personnel.

Material And Methods: The research were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between the 27 March 2020 and the 20 April 2020.

Osteoprotegerin and RANKL-RANK-OPG-TRAIL signalling axis in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases.

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of bone remodelling. OPG regulates osteoclast activity by blocking the interaction between the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL). More and more studies confirm the relationship between OPG and cardiovascular diseases.

Amount of Fibre in the Diet with Regard to Excessive Weight and Obesity among Children and Adolescents in Rural Communities.

One component of a correctly balanced diet is dietary fibre. Fibre acts protectively-it improves the functioning of the intestines, regulates the rhythm of bowel movements, inhibits the absorption of sugar and also lowers the level of cholesterol. The aim of the research was to determine the intake of fibre in relation to the occurrence of excessive weight and obesity among children and adolescents living in rural areas.

Patient knowledge at the Respiratory Ward of the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice-Bystra about preventive treatments to combat house dust mites and alleviate allergy symptoms.

House dust mite allergy is a serious problem that affects about six million people in Poland and if left untreated could be the reason for the development of bronchial asthma. The main purpose of this study was to analyse how aware the patients in the respiratory ward were about the prevention of allergic diseases caused by house dust mites and the prophylactic measures that can be taken. The study took place between September 2018 and November 2018 and involved 109 patients, hospitalised in the Respiratory Ward of the Railway Hospital in Wilkowic-Bystra, who had been diagnosed with asthma and house dust mite allergy.

Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure - Comparison of the Two Filling Methods - Simulated Test.

Introduction: Tracheal intubation is the optimal method for opening up airways. Performed correctly, it prevents stomach contents from entering the respiratory tract and allows asynchronous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to be conducted during sudden cardiac arrest. An important element of correct intubation is proper inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff.

Graphene Oxide and Stabilized Ortho-Silicic Acid as Modifiers of Amnion and Burn Affected Skin: A Comparative Study.

Introduction: Oxidative tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species results in a significant decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of the biological system. The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to answer the question of whether active antioxidants modify, at a molecular and supramolecular level, the tissue of pathological amnion and the necrotic eschar degraded in thermal burn.

Methods: A Nicolet 6700 Fourier-transform spectrophotometer with OMNIC software and the EasiDiff diffusion accessory were used in the FTIR spectroscopic analysis.

Predictors of stress among emergency medical personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced emergency services to implement new standards of practice around the world. The dynamic and unpredictable nature of many clinical situations has placed emergency service personnel in direct danger of contracting the disease. This work uses a validated survey developed for the study to assess the predictors of stress that paramedics, nurses and doctors experience in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: mechanisms of action in heart failure.

Diabetes is a key independent risk factor in the development of heart failure (HF) and a strong, adverse prognostic factor in HF patients. HF remains the primary cause of hospitalisation for diabetics and, as previous studies have shown, when HF occurs in these patients, intensive glycaemic control does not directly improve the prognosis. Recent clinical studies assessing a new class of antidiabetic drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) showed some unexpected beneficial results.

Stabilized Ortho-Silicic Acid as a Modifier of Tissue-Preliminary Comparative Biomaterial Studies.

The ortho-silicic acid (H₄SiO₄) plays an essential role in delivering silicon to body cells and the monomeric ortho-silicic acid is the most bioavailable source of silicon for humans. This study reveals that the ortho-silicic acid (OSA) modifies the tissue of a healthy and pathological hypotrophic amnion, thermal burn skin and, additionally, the OSA-incubated serum. Changes in the tissue modified by the ortho-silicic acid were traced on the molecular level with the use of FTIR spectroscopy.