Great Plasticity in a Great Pathogen: Capsular Types, Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in ESBL-Producing from Pediatric Infections in Uruguay.

is widely recognized as an opportunistic hospital and community pathogen. It is one of the priority microorganisms included in the ESKAPE group, and its antibiotic resistance related to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) is a global public health concern. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype, in combination with pathogenicity factors, could enhance the ability of this pathogen to cause clinical infections.

Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST309 Serotype O11 Featuring and .

is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Biofilm production, antibiotic resistance, and a wide range of virulence factors contribute to their persistence in nosocomial environments. We describe an outbreak caused by a multidrug-resistant strain in an ICU.

In vitro effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam in combination with aztreonam on carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.

Objective: This work aimed to describe the in vitro performance of the combined activity of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) plus aztreonam (ATM) against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE).

Methods: We studied 44 CPE clinical isolates: NDM-1 (31), KPC-2 (5), KPC-3 (3), VIM-2 (2), NDM-1+KPC-2 (2), and OXA-48 (1). The efficacy of CZA in combination with were determined by two methods: (i) Kirby-Bauer's double disk synergy test and; (ii) Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration to CZA by E-test, in either Mueller-Hinton agar alone or, supplemented with ATM 4 mg/L.

Shiga Toxin-Producing (STEC) Associated with Calf Mortality in Uruguay.

In Uruguay, the mortality of dairy calves due to infectious diseases is high. is a natural inhabitant of the intestinal microbiota, but can cause several infections. The aim of the work was to characterize isolates from intestinal and extraintestinal origin of dead newborn calves.

Phenotypic and genotypic survey of antibiotic resistance in isolates from dairy farms in Uruguay.

is an important zoonotic pathogen that is frequently identified in dairy farming systems. An increase in antibiotic resistance has led to inadequate results of treatments, with impacts on animal and human health. Here, the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility patterns of isolates from dairy cattle and dairy farm environments were evaluated and compared.

Novel Resistance Regions Carrying Tn, , and , Embedded in an IS-Derived Transposon from Two Multi-Resistant Clinical Isolates.

Antibiotic resistance is an alarming problem throughout the world and carbapenem-resistant has been cataloged as critical in the World Health Organization list of microorganisms in urgent need for the development of new antimicrobials. In this work, we describe two novel resistance regions responsible for conferring a multidrug resistance phenotype to two clinical isolates of (Pa873 and Pa6415) obtained from patients hospitalized in the ICU of University Hospital of Uruguay. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using MALDI-TOF and the Vitek 2 system, respectively.

Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug-Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring , , and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes.

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings but also represents a growing problem involving intensive animal production systems. In this study, we performed a microbiological and molecular investigation of priority pathogens carrying transferable resistance genes to critical antimicrobials in 1-day-old chickens imported from Brazil to Uruguay. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre.

Transferable Resistance to Highest Priority Critically Important Antibiotics for Human Health in Strains Obtained From Livestock Feces in Uruguay.

The aim of this work was to detect isolates displaying resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins, quinolones, and colistin in feces from livestock in Uruguay. During 2016-2019, fecal samples from 132 broiler and layer chicken flocks, 100 calves, and 50 pigs, were studied in Uruguay. Samples were cultured on MacConkey Agar plates supplemented with ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or colistin.

High Plasticity of Multi-Drug Resistant ST258 .

Carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales clinical isolates is a global threat. Multi-drug resistant harboring carbapenemases are a major concern among the hospital settings in Latin America. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic relatedness between three isolates of recovered from one patient in the same bacteriological round on the same day, which exhibited different susceptibility profiles to carbapenems (CP) and to colistin (Col).

Characterization of the Different Stages of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Susceptibility in a Clinical Strain.

is a relevant opportunistic pathogen, and one of the main microorganisms responsible for outbreaks in nosocomial infections worldwide. Its pathogenicity is mainly due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics and to its ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. The objective of this study was to characterize the biofilm formation cycle of isolated from a patient in a hospital and compare its antibiotic resistance with the planktonic cells.

First characterization of K. pneumoniae ST11 clinical isolates harboring bla in Latin America.

Antimicrobial resistance due to carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates is a global threat. Klebsiellapneumoniae harboring the bla gene is one of the major concerns in hospital settings in Latin America. The aim of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to typify four carbapenem-resistant K.

First three Escherichia coli isolates harbouring mcr-1 in Uruguay.

Objective: This report described the first Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates harbouring mcr-1 in Uruguay.

Methods: Three E.

Characterization of the first bla/ermB-carrying IncI1 plasmid from Latin America.

Azithromycin represents a valid therapeutic option for gastrointestinal and systemic infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella species. However, acquired macrolide resistance in these species has been increasingly described, mostly related to macrolide modifying enzymes encoded by mph- and erm-type genes. In this study, we characterized the first bla/ermB-carrying IncI1 plasmid from Latin America, which was detected in a MDR E.

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Clinical Isolates from Uruguay.

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica isolates are an increasing problem worldwide; nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for such resistance are rarely well defined. Multidrug-resistant S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates ST3224 and ST827 were collected from two patients.

Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Intensive Care Unit of Uruguay's University Hospital Identifies the First rmtC Gene in the Species.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections are an increasing concern in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. The combination of carbapenemases and 16S rRNA-methyltransferases (16S-RMTases) further reduces the therapeutic options. OXA-carbapenemase/A.

Detection of qnrVC6, within a new genetic context, in an NDM-1-producing Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate from Uruguay.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterise the mechanisms underlying quinolone and oxyimino-cephalosporin resistance in a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate obtained from the ICU in a university hospital in Uruguay.

Methods: Citrobacter freundii strain CF638 was isolated from a urine culture. Identification was performed using a VITEK2 system, and antimicrobial susceptibility was established by MIC determination and disk diffusion assay.

Zoonotic Potential and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli in Neonatal Calves in Uruguay.

Escherichia coli is one of the main etiological agents of neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD). The objective of this study was to assess the presence of virulence genes, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance mechanisms in E. coli associated with NCD in Uruguay.

Online continuing interprofessional education on hospital-acquired infections for Latin America.

Introduction: Latin America is a large and diverse region, comprising more than 600 million inhabitants and one million physicians in over 20 countries. Resistance to antibacterial drugs is particularly important in the region. This paper describes the design, implementation and results of an international bi-lingual (Spanish and Portuguese) online continuing interprofessional interactive educational program on hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance for Latin America, supported by the American Society for Microbiology.

Analysis of plasmid-mediated quinolone and oxyimino-cephalosporin resistance mechanisms in Uruguayan Salmonella enterica isolates from 2011-2013.

This study characterised the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone and oxyimino-cephalosporin resistance in human Salmonella enterica isolates in Uruguay. Salmonella enterica isolates were collected from 2011-2013 and were selected based on non-susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and/or oxyimino-cephalosporins. The disk diffusion assay was performed for various antibiotics, and the ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined following CLSI guidelines.