Impact of Dietary Isoflavone Supplementation on the Fecal Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Postmenopausal Women.

Isoflavones are metabolized by components of the gut microbiota and can also modulate their composition and/or activity. This study aimed to analyze the modifications of the fecal microbial populations and their metabolites in menopausal women under dietary treatment with soy isoflavones for one month. Based on the level of urinary equol, the women had been stratified previously as equol-producers ( = 3) or as equol non-producers ( = 5).

Use of high throughput amplicon sequencing and ethidium monoazide dye to track microbiota changes in an equol-producing menopausal woman receiving a long-term isoflavones treatment.

This work describes the impact of long term consumption of an isoflavone-rich dietary daily supplement on the composition and diversity of the faecal microbiota of a menopausal, equol-producing woman. Sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons was performed on faecal samples taken at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Additionally, and for comparative purposes, ethidium monoazide (EMA) was used to avoid detection of DNA from dead bacteria.

Leptin Receptor Gene Variant rs11804091 Is Associated with BMI and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Female Obese Children: A Case-Control Study.

Leptin is an endocrine hormone that has a critical role in body weight homoeostasis and mediates its effects via the leptin receptor (LEPR). Common polymorphisms in the genes coding leptin receptors have been associated with metabolic abnormalities. We assessed the association of 28 polymorphisms with body mass index (BMI) and their relationship with obesity-related phenotypes, inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers.

A Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Score Is Associated with Specific Biomarkers of Inflammation and CVD Risk in Prepubertal Children.

Background/aims: We aimed to evaluate the use of a continuous metabolic syndrome (MetS) score and to assess the associations of this score with risk biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial damage and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in prepubertal children.

Methods: A total of 677 prepubertal children (295 obese, 146 overweight, and 236 normal-weight) were recruited. MetS traits, markers of inflammation, endothelial damage and CVD risk were measured, and a continuous MetS score was calculated, consisting of the sum/5 of the standardised scores of the MetS components.

Association of genetic polymorphisms for glutathione peroxidase genes with obesity in Spanish children.

Background/aims: Altered expression and activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) have been observed in obesity in human and animal studies. We aimed to study 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for GPX1-7 genes and to characterize their association with prepubertal childhood obesity and its associated biomarkers.

Methods: This case-control study included 193 obese and 191 normal-weight prepubertal Spanish children, in whom anthropometry, biochemical parameters, adipokines, antioxidant enzyme erythrocyte activities and biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiovascular risk were measured.

Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis.

The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as "microbiota" and their collective genomes as "microbiome". The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human body, although other parts, such as the skin, vaginal mucosa, or respiratory tract, also harbour specific microbiota. This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life.

Waist-to-height ratio, inflammation and CVD risk in obese children.

Objective: To evaluate the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and specific biomarkers of inflammation, CVD risk and endothelial dysfunction in prepubertal obese children.

Design: Prospective, multicentre case-control study matched by age and sex.

Setting: Children were recruited between May 2007 and May 2010 from primary-care centres and schools in three cities in Spain (Cordoba, Santiago de Compostela and Zaragoza).

Influence of FTO variants on obesity, inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers in Spanish children: a case-control multicentre study.

Background: Variants in the FTO gene have been associated with obesity in children, but this association has not been shown with other biomarkers. We assessed the association of 52 FTO polymorphisms, spanning the whole gene, with obesity and estimated the influence of these polymorphisms on anthropometric, clinical and metabolic parameters as well as inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers among Spanish children.

Methods: A multicentre case-control study was conducted in 534 children (292 obese and 242 with normal-BMI).

Are catalase -844A/G polymorphism and activity associated with childhood obesity?

Catalase (CAT) is a peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme that is up-regulated upon oxidative stress. Previous studies have found associations between some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the CAT promoter region in a variety of metabolic diseases. This is the first study that analyzes the association between erythrocyte CAT activity and candidate CAT SNPs with childhood obesity.

Influence of variants in the NPY gene on obesity and metabolic syndrome features in Spanish children.

Variants in the neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene have been associated with obesity and its traits. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NPY gene with obesity, metabolic syndrome features, and inflammatory and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers in Spanish children. We recruited 292 obese children and 242 normal-body mass index (BMI) children.

Myeloperoxidase is an early biomarker of inflammation and cardiovascular risk in prepubertal obese children.

Objective: Obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objectives of the current study were to evaluate plasma MPO levels in prepubertal obese children and to determine whether MPO could be an early biomarker of inflammation and CVD risk.

[Lung function reference values in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in Galicia].

Objective: It is well known that lung function reference values differ between populations, hence the apparent importance of establishing such values. The aim of this study was to develop prediction equations for spirometry for healthy children and adolescents in Galicia, Spain.

Population And Methods: We studied children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years from randomly selected schools in 14 municipalities in Galicia.

Body composition and respiratory function in healthy non-obese children.

Background: The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the role that body composition plays in lung function, among healthy children and adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken using sex- and age-stratified sampling among healthy children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Spirometry was performed on every child who fulfilled inclusion criteria.

[Parental smoking and lung function in healthy children and adolescents].

Objective: The debate continues on the effect of passive smoking on nonsmokers. The effect of parental smoking on the lung function of children varies considerably according to geographic area, source of passive smoking, and sex. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of parental smoking on the lung function of children.

Quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia: a prospective 1-year follow-up study in Spanish patients.

Background And Aims: The natural history of functional dyspepsia is not well known. We prospectively assess the quality of life and severity of symptoms in a group of Spanish patients with functional dyspepsia.

Patients And Methods: One hundred and twelve consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia, according to Rome II criteria, were prospectively followed up for 1 year.

[Prevalence of obesity in Spain: results of the SEEDO 2000 study].

Background And Objective: Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries. It is of key importance to ascertain its magnitude and to identify main groups at risk. In this paper the prevalence of obesity in Spanish adult population aged 25-60 is estimated, based on measured height and weight.