Management of obesity in menopause.

The increasing prevalence of obesity imposes significant health challenges, particularly in women undergoing menopause. Effective obesity management is essential to mitigate associated comorbidities and improve quality of life. The pillars of obesity treatment encompass lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy and surgical interventions.

Rural residence and health-related quality of life in a sample of Spain perimenopausal women.

Background: The prevalence and severity of perimenopausal symptoms are typically associated with multiple factors, including demographic characteristics. The sociodemographic characteristics of women living in rural areas differ from those residing in urban areas, and it has been suggested that these differences could potentially influence the prevalence of symptoms experienced during perimenopause.

Objectives: To evaluate if perimenopausal women living in Spanish rural areas have a higher prevalence of perimenopausal symptoms and assess their influence on health-related quality of life.

Prospective, multicenter, uncontrolled study on the effectiveness and safety of a hyaluronic acid water-based vaginal lubricant in alleviating vaginal dryness and dyspareunia.

Background: Vaginal dryness (VD) represents a significant concern affecting women across diverse life stages, encompassing both pre- and postmenopausal women at any age. Dyspareunia, defined by genital pain that can be experienced before, during, or after intercourse, is often associated with vaginal dryness.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a water-based vaginal lubricant with hyaluronic acid to reduce sexual discomfort associated with vaginal dryness.

Obesity and menopause.

Obesity is not a choice or a result of lack of willpower, but a multifactorial, chronic, progressive, and relapsing disease. During menopause, hormonal and body composition changes lead to greater visceral adiposity, that aggravates women's health at a cardiometabolic, mechanic and mental level. Adiposity has been identified as an important modifier of reproductive hormones.

Vulvovaginal atrophy in the CRETA study: the healthcare professionals' perception.

Objectives: The objective is to assess the perception of gynecologists regarding patients' adherence to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) treatments, to evaluate the gynecologists' opinions on what their patients think about treatment adherence, and to compare the gynecologists' opinions with the patients' own perceptions within the CRETA study.

Methods: Spanish gynecologists who participated in the CRETA study were asked to fill out an online 41-item questionnaire to evaluate their views on VVA management.

Results: From 29 centers across Spain, 44 gynecologists completed the survey.

Impact of vulvovaginal atrophy therapies on postmenopausal women's quality of life in the CRETA study measured by the Cervantes scale.

Objective: To assess the correlation of different vulvovaginal atrophy therapeutic options with the quality of life of postmenopausal women.

Study Design: The CRETA study is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study designed to measure, besides treatment satisfaction and adherence, the quality of life of postmenopausal women diagnosed with vulvovaginal atrophy in 29 hospitals and centers across Spain.

Main Outcome Measures: The study enrolled postmenopausal women currently receiving treatment with vaginal moisturizers, local estrogen therapy or ospemifene.

The views of women and pharmacists on the desirability of a progestogen-only pill over the counter. Results of a survey in Germany, Italy and Spain.

Purpose: To explore the perceived need and enthusiasm for over the counter (OTC) progestogen-only pills (POP).

Materials And Methods: A web-based survey of 1000 sexually active women (16-45) and 100 pharmacists in Germany, Italy and Spain.

Results: Despite not wanting to conceive, 5-6% of women in each country were not using contraception and 8-20% were using methods less effective than condoms.

Etiopathogenesis of ovarian cancer. An inflamm-aging entity?

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic cancers and has the highest mortality rate. The risk/protective factors of ovarian cancer suggest that its etiology is multifactorial. Several factors are involved in age-related increases in carcinogenesis, including the accumulation of senescent cells, inflammaging (a chronic inflammatory state that persists in the elderly), and immunosenescence (aging of the immune system) changes associated with poor immune surveillance.

Sexual Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer on Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate whether postmenopausal women with breast cancer (BC) on adjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy have a higher prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Second, the aim was to determine the quality of life (QoL) and level of anxiety depending on whether or not they are AI users.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study involving 168 patients was performed.

Impact of the Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in the Use of Combined Hormonal Oral Contraception in Spain - Results of a National Survey: Encovid.

Objective: To know the contraceptive behaviour of Spanish women who use combined oral contraception (COC) during the period of lockdown due to COVID-19.

Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study of a sample of Spanish women who use COC based on a survey conducted through social networks using the online platform Survey Monkey. The survey was conducted during the period of home confinement.

Resilience and psychological distress in pregnant women during quarantine due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain: a multicentre cross-sectional online survey.

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and the corresponding risk factors among pregnant women during the confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain.

Materials And Methods: Between 15 April and 14 May 2020, a multicentre cross-sectional survey was performed to study depression, anxiety and resilience in a sample of Spanish pregnant women during the lockdown set up by the Government in response to COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. We designed an anonymous online self-administered questionnaire (https://bit.

Population-based norms for the Cervantes-SF short-form questionnaire assessing health-related quality of life in menopause.

Objectives: To develop the population-based norms for the Cervantes-SF scale, which measures the impact of menopause on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of women in Spain.

Methods: We used a sample obtained from representative studies of the Spanish population according to geographic density and autonomous community. This sample was composed of 5,237 non- institutionalized peri- and post-menopausal women, aged 40-75 years.

Relationship of breast volume, obesity and central obesity with different prognostic factors of breast cancer.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the BC tumor biology in women with larger breast volume, in obese women and especially in women with central adiposity at the moment of diagnosis of BC is more aggressive than in those women without these characteristics. 347 pre- and postmenopausal women with a recent diagnosis of BC were analyzed. In all patients, anthropometric measurements at the time of diagnosis was collected.

What are the mechanisms of action of the different contraceptive methods to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer?

Objective: Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the deadliest gynaecologic malignancy. Knowing that OvCa, as a disease, has different origins has allowed us to relate them to the mechanisms of action of different contraceptive methods with the aim of evaluating the possibility of their use in reducing risk.

Study Design: This commentary review article will instead focus on the recent findings on the role of contraceptive methods in preventing of OvCa.

Ospemifene efficacy and safety data in women with vulvovaginal atrophy.

Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a frequent, underreported and underdiagnosed condition. Ospemifene is a third-generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) that has been shown to be effective in women with VVA and dyspareunia, vaginal dryness and vulvar vestibular symptoms. Some of the possible side effects included by FDA and EMA are hot flushes, headache, muscle spasms, vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge.

Is vitamin-D supplementation not useful in patients at risk of fractures and falls?

To evaluate numerous publications that question the bone and extraosseous benefits of vitamin D diet supplementation based on results, which often transcend to public opinion, but are not well interpreted. This may have negative consequences on compliance of patients under vitamin D supplementation. Critical appraisal of several articles on vitamin D supplementation and its relationship with fractures, falls, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer incidence.