Lidocaine's Ineffectiveness in Mitigating Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pain and Peristaltic Effects in Horses.

The present study involved seven horses in a randomized crossover clinical trial to evaluate the effect of lidocaine on horses with induced endotoxemia. Horses received intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg bolus, followed by 0.

Macroscopic and histopathological description of gastric lesions in horse, donkey, and mule fetuses in the last trimester of gestation.

Background: Limited information is available on gastric diseases in neonatal foals as compared with extensive studies in young, adult, and geriatric horses. Reports on fetuses are scarce.

Objectives: Assess at necropsy stomachs of horse, donkey and mule fetuses in the third trimester of gestation to characterize lesions present during intrauterine life.

Prevalence of squamous gastric disease in Colombian equids at slaughter: A postmortem comparative study among horses, donkeys and mules.

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) occurs with variable prevalence in horses, donkeys, and mules. Due to the particularities of the mucous membranes, the syndrome is made up of Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD). Given the multifactorial nature and multiple classification systems of the syndrome, significant differences have been reported between prevalence studies performed ante mortem, which are even more remarkable when compared with postmortem evaluations.

The Detection of Thoracolumbar Spine Injuries in Horses with Chronic Laminitis Using a Novel Clinical-Assessment Protocol and Ultrasonographic Examination.

Postural adaptation is a prominent feature in horses affected by laminitis. Laminitis induces intense pain, especially in the forelimbs, prompting affected horses to assume a caudally displaced trunk posture, resulting in the hyperflexion of the thoracolumbar spine. This study assessed the nature and prevalence of thoracolumbar injuries in horses with chronic laminitis compared to horses without it.

Exploring the impact of high-energy diets on cattle: Insights into subacute rumen acidosis, insulin resistance, and hoof health.

Cattle lameness remains a significant concern, causing economic losses and compromising animal welfare. Claw horn lesions have been identified as a major cause of lameness in dairy cows, but their correlation with high-energy diets and ruminal acidosis remains unclear. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of a high-starch diet and a conventional diet on the rumen environment, acute-phase proteins, and metabolic alterations, with a particular focus on insulin resistance and the consequent implications for the histology of the hooves in Holstein steers.

evaluation of a polyester and fiberglass composite intramedullary nail for femoral osteosynthesis in calves.

The objective of this study was to test a composite of polyester resin and fiberglass in the form of an intramedullary nail for osteosynthesis of femoral fractures in calves. The methodology was established based on a previous study that used a bovine femur finite element model to simulate fractures, which were then stabilized by the same nails as proposed in this study. General anesthesia was induced in six calves followed by fracture creation an oblique incision in the middle third of the femoral diaphysis, and osteosynthesis was immediately performed by retrograde insertion of the composite nail.

Effects of two different topographic approaches for combined sciatic and femoral nerve block in calves, guided by ultrasound and neurostimulation.

To evaluate the sensory and motor effects promoted by a combined sciatic and femoral nerve block in calves using two approaches. Six calves were used, in a crossover study. Ultrasound combined with neurostimulation, was used to perform the following block combinations: the proximal approach (PA), which consisted of the association of the parasacral approach (sciatic nerve block) and ventral to the ilium approach (femoral nerve block); distal approach (DA) consisted of the association of a lateral approach to the pelvic limb approach (sciatic nerve block), and an inguinal approach, underneath the femoral trigone (femoral nerve block).

Differential blockade, comparative study of different ropivacaine concentrations (0.75%; 0.2%; 0.12%) for ultrasound guided sciatic and femoral nerve blocks in calves: Prospective cross-over study.

Pharmacodynamic understanding of the different local anesthetic concentrations allows adapting their use to diverse clinical/surgical procedures, such as intraoperative and/or postoperative analgesia. A crossover study was performed, where 6 calves (5 male and 1 female), weighing 120 ± 28 Kg, were subjected to combined sciatic and femoral nerve block using three ropivacaine concentrations. The treatments were: R0.

Histological comparison of the lamellar tissue of Iberian origin breed horses created in semi-feral conditions or in an intensive system.

Although the external conformation of wild horse hooves has been proposed as an ideal model for domesticated modern horses, histological signs of laminitis have been reported among them. With the hypothesis that the lamellar tissue of horses of Iberian origin raised in semi-feral is healthier than those raised in an intensive management system (stall confinement and high-calorie diet intake), the objective was to compare their lamellar tissues. Lamellar tissue samples were taken from the forelimb hoof of eight domesticated Mangalarga Marchador (MM) horses and from six semi-feral Marajoara (MJ) and Puruca (MP) horses.

Comparison Between the Direct Method and Friedewald's Formula for the Determination of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Serum Levels in Horses.

This study aimed to compare the use of enzymatic colorimetry and Friedewald's formula for the determination of LDL in horses. A total of 260 samples were used. Direct analysis was performed to determine low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC).

Oral supplementation with Lithothamnion extract in horses subjected to oligofructose overload intake: effects on systemic inflammation and multiple organ function.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common condition in horses with gastrointestinal disorders. If not prevented or controlled, SIRS promotes multiple organ dysfunctions that may culminate in serious disabilities or even death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lithothamnion supplementation on systemic inflammatory response and organ function variables in horses undergoing oligofructose overload (OFO) intake.

Influence of weaning management on gastritis incidence in foals.

This study evaluated the incidence of gastritis in foals subjected to different weaning management methods. Sixteen crossbreed foals [230 ± 35 kg], were enrolled in an experiment with a randomized block design. After weaning, foals were housed in either individual pens or a group pen.

Metabolic Profile Changes in Mangalarga Marchador Horses Subjected to A Hypercaloric Diet Evaluated by Proton NMR Spectroscopy.

The incidence of equine metabolic syndrome, a condition that results in endocrinopathic laminitis, is increasing worldwide. Although it is well known that the development of this syndrome depends on imbalances in energy metabolism and genetic traits, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) is a powerful tool used to compare metabolic profiles and to discriminate metabolites in living beings.

Apoptosis in epithelial cells and its correlation with leukocyte accumulation in lamellar tissue from horses subjected to experimental sepsis-associated laminitis.

Inflammation and apoptosis in the hoof lamellar interface both contribute to the early stages of sepsis-associated laminitis, but it is not clear whether apoptosis is occurring before the onset of inflammation or is being provoked by inflammation. Apoptosis and inflammation were therefore measured in lamellar tissues obtained at different time points throughout the early stages of experimentally induced laminitis. Apoptotic cells and leukocyte were enumerated in archived paraffin embedded lamellar tissue samples from previous experiments in which acute laminitis was induced using Black Walnut Extract (BWE) or starch (CHO).

Changes in metabolic and physiological biomarkers in Mangalarga Marchador horses with induced obesity.

This study aimed to characterize and correlate physiological and metabolic changes in horses fed a hypercaloric diet (HD). Nine mature horses with a mean initial body condition score of 2.9 ± 1 (scale, 1-9) were fed a high-calorie diet for 5 months.

Mechanical nociceptive assessment of the equine hoof following distal interphalangeal joint intra-articular anesthesia.

Background: With the hypothesis that equine dorsal lamellar tissue can be desensitized by anesthesia injection into distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ), the objective was to assess the mechanical nociceptive threshold of hoof dorsal lamellae following intra-articular (IA) administration of lidocaine into this joint.

Methods: The DIPJ of the forelimbs of six adult healthy horses were injected with either 5 mL of lidocaine, or 5 mL of lactated Ringer's solution. Treatments were randomly distributed, with each forelimb undergoing a single treatment.

Identification and Functional Annotation of Genes Related to Horses' Performance: From GWAS to Post-GWAS.

Integration of genomic data with gene network analysis can be a relevant strategy for unraveling genetic mechanisms. It can be used to explore shared biological processes between genes, as well as highlighting transcription factors (TFs) related to phenotypes of interest. Unlike other species, gene-TF network analyses have not yet been well applied to horse traits.

The influence of nail blocking conditions in cattle femoral fractures.

Background: To investigate the effect of different fixation strategies of the intramedullary interlocking nail (IIN) on the mechanical behavior of a polymeric implant applied for femoral fracture fixation in calves, and to evaluate the performance of a glass fiber-reinforced polymer applied in a bovine femoral fracture reduction system, five Holstein male animals with a mean weight (±SD) of 62.8 ± 20.4 kg and aged 74 ± 15 were used to generate biomechanical parameters for this study.

Caudal epidural anesthesia in mares after bicarbonate addition to a lidocaine-epinephrine combination.

Objective: To investigate the nociceptive and clinical effects of buffering a lidocaine-epinephrine solution with sodium bicarbonate in caudal epidural block in mares.

Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Animals: Six mixed-breed mares weighing 350-440 kg.

A finite element model to simulate femoral fractures in calves: testing different polymers for intramedullary interlocking nails.

Objective: To verify if the finite element method can correctly estimate the performance of polyacetal and polyamide 6 intramedullary nails in stabilizing a femoral fracture in calves and to estimate the performance of a polypropylene nail in same conditions.

Study Design: Computational and experimental study.

Sample Population: Finite element models (FEMs).

Laminar chemokine mRNA concentrations in horses with carbohydrate overload-induced laminitis.

Chemokines play a vital role in leukocyte activation and emigration that reportedly plays a central role in laminar injury in equine laminitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of laminar chemokine expression in horses in the classical carbohydrate overload (CHO)-model of laminitis. Laminar samples were obtained 24h following water administration in the control group (CON, n=8), and at the onset of fever (≥ 102°F, 12-22 h post CHO, DEV group, n=8) and at the onset of lameness (20-48 h post CHO, LAM group, n=8) in induced horses.

Local and remote lesions in horses subjected to small colon distension and decompression.

The purpose of this study was to observe and characterize colonic and lung lesions in horses subjected to experimental distension and decompression of the small colon. Sixteen healthy adult horses were divided into 2 groups: 9 horses that were subjected to distension of the small colon by means of a latex balloon surgically implanted in the lumen and inflated to a pressure of 40 mm Hg for 4 h, and 7 horses in which the balloon was implanted but not inflated. Colonic biopsy specimens were collected before balloon implantation, at the end of the period of obstruction, and 1.

Assessment of apoptosis in epidermal lamellar cells in clinically normal horses and those with laminitis.

Objective: To determine and compare the number, type, location, and distribution of apoptotic epidermal cells in the laminae of clinically normal horses and horses with laminitis.

Sample Population: Formalin-fixed samples of digital lamellar tissue from 47 horses (including clinically normal horses [controls; n = 7], horses with acute [4] and chronic [7] naturally acquired laminitis, and horses with black walnut extract-induced [11] or carbohydrate overload-induced [18] laminitis).

Procedure: Blocks of paraffin-embedded lamellar tissues were stained for DNA fragmentation with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique.

Effect of intraluminal distention on microvascular perfusion in the equine small colon.

Objective: To determine the effect of experimental intraluminal distention on microvascular perfusion of the small colon in horses.

Animals: 6 mixed-breed healthy horses (mean age [+/- SDI, 9.1 +/- 2 years).