Morphine decreases cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of doxorubicin in vitro: Implications for cancer chemotherapy.

Morphine is the most common opioid analgesic administered to treat pain in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of morphine alone and in combination with doxorubicin (Dox), an antineoplastic agent largely used in patients with solid cancers. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and fibroblast (V79) cells using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay while mutagenicity was assessed using the Salmonella/microsome assay in the absence and in the presence of S9 mix.

In vitro and in silico assessment of cytotoxicity and chromosome instability induced by saxitoxin in human derived neural cell line.

In freshwater, saxitoxins (STX) are produced by different cyanobacteria genera, including Raphidiopsis. Data regarding cytogenotoxicity effects of STX on human cells are scarse, this merit further studies of its toxicology. This study assessed the cytotoxicity and the chromosome instability of STX on SHSY-5Y human cell line.

and approaches to assess surface water genotoxicity from Tocantins River, in the cities of Porto Nacional and Palmas, Brazil.

The main environmental problem in urban areas, especially in Brazil, is the discharge of untreated sewage. The Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) was used to assess the genotoxicity of surface waters from three different sites in the Tocantins River, Brazil. The approach was used to search for known and predicted interactions between environmental chemicals found in our samples and a and human proteins.

Modulatory effect of myricitrin against chromosome instability and cytostasis induced by bleomycin and oxaliplatin in CHO-K1 cells.

Myricitrin (MYR), a flavonol consumed in the leaves and fruits of plants of the family, presents anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties in humans. However, there are few studies regarding the cyto-genotoxicity and the chemopreventive potential of MYR. Using the Micronucleus test, the cytostasis, mutagenicity, and modulatory effect of MYR in CHO-K1 cells were assessed.

Evaluation of the genetic toxicity of sofosbuvir and simeprevir with and without ribavirin in a human-derived liver cell line.

Direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Sofosbuvir and simeprevir are prescribed worldwide. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding their genotoxicity.

Evaluation of mutagenic activity of platinum complexes in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster.

Cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are some of the most often used alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. In view of the paucity of data on the genotoxicity of oxaliplatin, this study compares the mutagenic activity of cisplatin (0.006, 0.

Genotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles: an and study.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are being used worldwide in consumer products and industrial applications. Based on predefined pathways, this study synthesized and characterized the nanostructures of ZnO NPs. The genotoxic effects of these nanomaterials were evaluated using a short-term bioassay, the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in .

Evaluation of the genotoxic properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo.

Nickel-based nanoparticles (NPs) are new products with an increasing number of industrial applications that were developed in recent years. NiO NPs are present in several nanotechnological industrial products, and the characterization of their genotoxic potential is essential. The present study assessed the genotoxicity of NiO NPs in vivo and in vitro using the somatic mutation and recombination test in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster (SMART), the cytokinesis - block micronucleus assay (CBMN), and the comet assay in a V79 cell line.

In Vivo Analysis of Photobiomodulation Genotoxicity Using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test.

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been studied mainly for its effects on the repair, regeneration, and healing of tissue due to its direct and indirect actions on cell proliferation. However, it is necessary to consider the way in which laser acts, that is, whether it affects the rates of spontaneous mutation and mitotic recombination of cells.

Objective: This study investigated the genotoxic potential of PBM (904 nm) based on an in vivo bioassay that concomitantly evaluates mitotic recombination and point and chromosomal mutations.

Assessment of complex genomic alterations induced by AZT, 3TC, and the combination AZT +3TC.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens are based on the use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which are the main drugs used by patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The use of NRTIs combinations has afforded clear clinical benefits to patients undergoing HAART. However, the combination of two NRTIs may increase the risk of genomic instability in comparison with the drugs administered individually.

Chromosomal instability and cytotoxicity induced by ribavirin: comparative analysis in cell lines with different drug-metabolizing profiles.

Ribavirin is an important component of the treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and, in combination with the new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents, comprises the major current therapeutic regimens. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and chromosomal instability induced by ribavirin using the in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay in two cell lines with different expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes: human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. HepG2 cells were treated with nine concentrations (from 15.

Genotoxic and chemopreventive assessment of Cynara scolymus L. aqueous extract in a human-derived liver cell line.

Cynara scolymus L., popularly known as artichoke, is consumed as food and used as tea infusions for pharmacological purposes to treat liver dysfunctions and other conditions. Scientific data on the safety and protective effect of artichoke in human-derived liver cells is missing.

Cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of surface waters from a coal exploration region.

Coal mining generates a considerable amount of waste, which is disposed of in piles or dams near mining sites. As a result, leachates may reach rivers and streams, promoting the wide dispersion of contaminants in solution and as particulate matter. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic action of surface waters collected around a thermoelectric power plant and the largest mining area in Brazil (Candiota).

Assessment of genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of artepillin C in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster.

The significant contents of artepillin C (AC) in green propolis have prompted research on the biological activities of the compound. The present study evaluated the activity of this phenolic compound on DNA, assessing its genotoxic and antigenotoxic potentials in the somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster. The standard (ST) and high-bioactivation (HB) crosses were used in the assessment of genotoxic potential, since they express cytochrome P450 metabolization enzymes differently.

DNA damage protective effect of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar in Drosophila melanogaster.

Fruits and derivatives, such as juices, are complex mixtures of chemicals, some of which may have mutagenic and/or carcinogenic potential, while others may have antimutagenic and/or anticancer activities. The modulating effects of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar (HSCAN), on somatic mutation and recombination induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and mitomycin C (MMC) were evaluated with the wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster using co- and post-treatment protocols. Additionally, the antimutagenic activity of two HSCAN components, cashew apple pulp and honey, in MMC-induced DNA damage was also investigated.

Surface Water Impacted by Rural Activities Induces Genetic Toxicity Related to Recombinagenic Events in Vivo.

This investigation assessed the interaction of surface water samples with DNA to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize their mutagenic and/or recombinagenic activity. Samples were obtained at three different sites along the Tocantins River (Tocantins State, Brazil). The area has withstood the impact mainly of rural activities, which release different chemical compounds in the environment.

In vivo evaluation of mutagenic and recombinagenic activities of Brazilian propolis.

Propolis is a resinous, complex mixture of compounds collected by the bee species Apis mellifera. This study investigated the genotoxicity of green and brown propolis collected in southeast Brazil using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. The effect of five concentrations (0.

Human mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cisplatin in vitro.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their important properties involving multilineage differentiation potential., trophic factor secretion and localization along various organs and tissues. On the dark side, MSCs play a distinguished role in tumor microenvironments by differentiating into tumor-associated fibroblasts or supporting tumor growth via distinct mechanisms.

Occupational exposure of workers to pesticides: Toxicogenetics and susceptibility gene polymorphisms.

Farm workers are often exposed to pesticides, which are products belonging to a specific chemical group that affects the health of agricultural workers and is mostly recognized as genotoxic and carcinogenic. The exposure of workers from Piauí, Brazil, to these hazardous chemicals was assessed and cytogenetic alterations were evaluated using the buccal micronucleus assay, hematological and lipid parameters, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in the metabolism of pesticides, such as PON1, as well as of the DNA repair system (OGG1, XRCC1 and XRCC4). Two groups of farm workers exposed to different types of pesticides were evaluated and compared to matched non-exposed control groups.

Geosmin induces genomic instability in the mammalian cell microplate-based comet assay.

Geosmin (GEO) (trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) is a metabolite that renders earthy and musty taste and odor to water. Data of GEO genotoxicity on mammalian cells are scarce in the literature. Thus, the present study assessed the genotoxicity of GEO on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the microplate-based comet assay.

Evaluation of Safety of Arrabidaea chica Verlot (Bignoniaceae), a Plant with Healing Properties.

Arrabidaea chica Verlot (Bignoniaceae) has been used as a medicinal herb to treat anemia, hemorrhage, inflammation, intestinal colic, hepatitis, and skin infections in the Brazilian Amazon region. Studies have demonstrated the healing properties of extracts obtained from A. chica leaves, which contain anthocyanins and flavonoids.

Agents of earthy-musty taste and odor in water: evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and toxicogenomics.

Considering the limited number of studies on the biological effects on human health of cyanobacterial compounds that cause taste and odor, the present study assessed the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GEO) using the MTT assay and the in vitro comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN-Cyt) assays in human HepG2 cells. The toxicogenomics of genes responsive to DNA damage and metabolization by the exposure of cells to 2-MIB and GEO were also investigated. The results showed that concentrations of 2-MIB and GEO above 100 and 75 μg/mL, respectively, were cytotoxic to HepG2 cells.

Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf and bloom head extracts on chemically induced DNA lesions in Drosophila melanogaster.

The genotoxicity of bloom head (BHE) and leaf (LE) extracts from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), and their ability to modulate the mutagenicity and recombinogenicity of two alkylating agents (ethyl methanesulfonate - EMS and mitomycin C - MMC) and the intercalating agent bleomycin (BLM), were examined using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Neither the mutagenicity nor the recombinogenicity of BLM or MMC was modified by co- or post-treatment with BHE or LE.