Previous exposure to cigarette smoke aggravates experimental cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity.

Background/aims: The effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on cyclosporine (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity are poorly studied. This study aims to assess the effects of previous exposure to CS on CsA nephrotoxicity.

Methods: Rats were either exposed to CS or sham (S) procedures for 10 min twice a day for 20 weeks.